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Features
Fuel from the Abyss
Many scientists carry out all of their research in the lab. Others leave the lab to go on adventures. Some of the men and women who study bacteria that thrive in extreme conditions live like Indiana Jones – giving lectures one day and cave-diving or investigating an active volcano the next. Jim Holden and his group from the University of Massachusetts Amherst embark upon a ship called the Atlantis for a location in the Pacific Ocean that is 200 km (124.27 miles) off the coast of
Photonics Spectra, September 2008
Look, Up in the Sky
Long familiar in a military setting, UAVs now are being used to map pollutants in the sky and to track wildfires at a distance. If some regulatory-related issues could be resolved, certain small UAVs equipped with cameras could be useful in a number...
Photonics Spectra, September 2008
Microdisplays: Coming Soon to an Eye Near You?
Imagine strolling past a restaurant and having its menu hover translucently in your field of vision, or getting a call from friends and having a GPS-like map appear in front of you as a guide to their exact location. These types of “augmented...
Photonics Spectra, September 2008
Technology highlights in advanced optical manufacturing
The optical industry covers an enormous range of applications and uses many manufacturing technologies. Optical manufacturing machines typically can be divided into two approaches: dedicated high-throughput single-application machines – e.g.,...
Photonics Spectra, September 2008
That’s Entertainment!
Machine vision applications used to be all work and no play. No longer the case, researchers and vendors now are setting their sights on games, rides and other entertainment, including automated foosball, tables that interact with audiences to play...
Photonics Spectra, September 2008
Back-Illuminated Image Sensors Come to the Forefront
Demand for higher throughput inspection systems with improved resolution is growing in the machine vision and industrial imaging industries. Traditionally, front-illuminated CCD or CMOS sensors are used in these inspection systems because of the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Better Doping Detection
The Olympics and other sporting events are all about competition. Unfortunately, the desire to gain an edge can lead to doping — the use of performance-enhancing drugs. Because some of these chemicals are found naturally in varying amounts in...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Eliminating Systematic Errors in Cylindrical Surface Measurements
Interferometric metrology is the standard process for topographic measurements in the optical shop environment as well as in quality assurance laboratories. In all interferometric instruments, the tested wavefront is compared with a reference, with...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Going Deep
Thanks to advanced sensor and camera technologies, scientific low-light imaging detectors now boast more than 90 percent quantum efficiency, <1 electron root-mean-square read noise and negligible dark current. Although standard and...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
High-Throughput Optical Coating
Sputtering processes for thin-film deposition are naturally energetic and generally do not require additional heat input to generate good morphology. As a result, sputtering is a suitable deposition technique for heat-sensitive substrates such as...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Hot Rockets!
Without a doubt, rocket engines are hot. Variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rockets fire continuously during a mission; therefore, a proper thermal system is needed to dissipate the waste heat and maintain a stable steady-state operating...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Landslide Monitoring
Loose sediment, rocks and weathered material usually remain stationary and stable on a slope. However, matter can be disturbed naturally by earthquakes or heavy rainfall, or by human activity such as road construction. When disturbed, the debris is...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Making the Invisible Visible
Since the early part of the 20th century, streak cameras have offered the fastest way to capture an optical waveform consisting of both a time and an intensity profile. Early models consisted of a mechanical rotating drum and a large spool of...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Particles Could Enable Tougher Encryption
As we search for ways to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, solar cells have become ever more attractive. However, existing solar cells do not convert solar energy to electricity as efficiently as they could. A type of material called “quantum...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Silicates Get Denser When You Go Deeper
Far below the Earth’s surface, where pressure and temperature escalate ferociously at the border between the mantle and the core, lies the history of primordial chemical differentiation. Molten silicates, such as MgSiO3 melts, likely comprised a...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Silver Accentuates Flexible OLED Design
Improved organic LEDs (OLEDs) and photovoltaic devices are sought after by researchers and commercial product developers because they are lighter and more energy-efficient than standard displays and solar panels, respectively. A bit farther down the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2008
Building a Pocket-Size Electron Accelerator
Might it be possible to combine today’s commercial laser technology with micro- and nanoscale manufacturing techniques to produce tabletop or even pocket-size particle accelerators? This has been the dream of many research groups around the world,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Building Quantum Dots Slowly
Quantum dots are small, with sizes measured in nanometers. And the size is important because it determines optical properties such as the emission peak of the particle. Bigger quantum dots have redder emission peaks. The problem with engineering the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Color Quality and Spectra
The primary motivation for development of solid-state lighting is the potential for huge energy savings. The energy efficiency of a light source is measured by luminous efficacy (lumens per watt), a component of which is the luminous efficacy of...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Confocal Microscopy Enables Direct Observation of Photonic Nanojets
If you shine a beam of light onto a sphere just a few microns in diameter, an unusual effect takes place: On the side opposite where the beam strikes, a local field enhancement shaped like a tiny jet tail appears. Called photonic nanojets, these...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Determining the Composition of Quantum Dots from Top to Bottom
Quantum dots may shine, but shedding light on their make-up has proved to be difficult because they are small, with sizes in the tens of nanometers. Several analysis techniques average over many quantum dots, smoothing out possible variations....
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Is Solar Thermal Power the Answer?
The sun is the source of virtually all of the energy we use. Fossil fuel energy started out as sunlight on plants. In the relative blink of a historical eye, however, we have significantly depleted the fossil fuels that took millions of years to...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
LEDs in the Greenhouse
Plants contain photosensors that respond to parts of the spectrum from the UV to 740 nm and that control various aspects of plant growth. For the past few years, researchers led by John Allen of the department of physics and astronomy at the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
Measuring LED Junction Temperature
Manufacturers and solid-state lighting developers are driving LEDs to higher power levels. As more energy is pushed through the LED diode junction, heat removal becomes a critical issue. To assure device lifetime, quantum efficiency and LED color,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
New Technologies Power New Eyes
on the Sky
A science that studies exploding stars is itself exploding. Over the next decade, astronomers will more than double the cumulative worldwide telescope mirror area, survey the sky as never before while looking for killer asteroids, resolve objects...
Photonics Spectra, July 2008
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September 2024
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