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Nanolithography Techniques Produce Freestanding Components
A research team at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in Taejon and at Sogang University in Seoul, both in South Korea, has developed nanolithographic techniques that yield tiny freestanding gold components that can be moved and assembled into nanoscale machines. In a demonstration of the processes, the team fabricated gears, wheels, squares, dumbbells and letters, and moved a component without damaging it. TOP: The nanocomponents are lithographically produced from 25-...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons - Part II
Plasmonics has fascinated people for centuries, although they didn’t always fully understand its unique effects. During the Middle Ages, for example, infusions of colloidal metal particles in glass produced wondrously brilliant colors for cathedral...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Photoluminescence Acts as Scanning Near-Field Microscopy Probe
A highly localized light source shows promise for use in scanning near-field optical microscopy. Developed by scientists at the University of Melbourne in Australia and at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, it combines aspects of two...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Polarized Raman Confocal Microscopy Maps Nanowires
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, also in California, and Université Bordeaux 1 in Talence, France, have reported that polarized Raman confocal microscopy may be used to collect information...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Tilted Quantum Wells Produce Rainbow of Colors
In pursuit of nitride-based white LEDs, scientists at Kyoto University and at Nichia Corp.’s Nitride Semiconductor Research Laboratory in Tokushima, both in Japan, have achieved a rainbow of colors from InGaN/GaN quantum wells tilted 56° with...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
USB Improves Functions and Portability for Beam Profilers
In consumer products, the universal serial bus (USB) increases convenience and improves function, and it has enabled the widespread adoption of new technologies. For example, USB connectivity in digital cameras has helped to transform the PC into a...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
‘Lotus Effect’ Studied in Real Time
As a result of its novel ability to resist getting dirty, the lotus is symbolic worldwide of spiritual purity. The microstructured surface of hairy bumps on lotus leaves causes water droplets that fall on them to bead into large drops that roll...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Can Photonics Satisfy Moore’s Law?
For semiconductor makers, Moore’s law is more than an interesting observation of the rate of the doubling of transistor counts. It is the road map to commercial survival. The increase in functionality means smaller circuit features and lower costs...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
CMOS Gets a Leg Up on CCD
For years, people have been watching the CMOS sensor market to see when it might overtake the CCD one. According to “Image Sensors 2005: Camera Phones Drive CMOS Past CCDs in 2004,” a report from In-Stat of Scottsdale, Ariz., the camera phone market...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Demand Propels Growth in Fiber Optic Test Equipment
High-speed networking drives the fiber optic test equipment market, notably optical time-domain reflectometers, optical light sources, optical power meters and optical loss test sets. “World Fiber Optic Test Equipment Market,” issued by Frost &...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Design Possibilities with LEDs
Full-color LED displays evolved out of a need for much brighter and more rugged displays than were possible using other technologies. First introduced in the mid-1990s, they now are a mainstream product for large events as well as for large, fixed...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Doped ZnSe Nanocrystals Offer Alternative to CdSe
Scientists at the University of Arkansas and at NN-Labs LLC, both in Fayetteville, Ark., have produced ZnSe nanocrystals doped with copper and with MnSe. They suggest that these alternatives to CdSe nanocrystals offer lower toxicity and higher...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Evaluating LED Performance in Projection Systems
Although they have yet to replace high-intensity lamps, LEDs increasingly are being used as illumination sources in projection systems. The report “LED Projection Systems” issued by Insight Media of Norwalk, Conn., features performance data, cost...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Excitonic Circuits: New Tools for Manipulating Photons
Electronics uses electrons. Photonics uses photons. Recently, the new field of spintronics has been defined, which uses spins for signals. Could we eventually have excitonics, circuits based on the control of excitons? Although excitons have been...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Flat Panel Display Materials on the Rise
The growing flat panel display market involves a wide range of materials, including liquid crystal, filters, polarizers, LEDs, microelectromechanical systems and nanomaterials. According to “Major Display Materials: Markets, Technologies,” a...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
German and European Vision Markets Post Gains
The European Machine Vision Association in Frankfurt, Germany, recently released a report on the machine vision market in Europe, while the German Manufacturing Federation released a complementary report for just that country. Not surprisingly, the...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
High-Brightness LEDs: The New Trend in Illumination
Over the past five years, the LED market has evolved and has grown at an average rate of 50 percent per year, reports “LED2Light: HB-LEDs for General Illumination & Automotive Lighting.” The publication, from Yole Développement of Lyon, France,...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
High-End Television Growth Reported
Flat panel and microdisplay rear-projection televisions may be pricey, but they are gaining market share. “Quarterly Global TV Shipment and Forecast Report” from DisplaySearch of Austin, Texas, says that total TV revenues are up 12 percent to $19...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Holographic Optical Traps Manipulate and Assemble Multiple Nanowires
In the nanoworld, loads of devices can be packed into a small area. But to get them there, these tiny objects must be organized into a structure, which is not easy to do with lithographic methods or even with optical tweezers. To address this...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Machine Vision Market Shows Progress
The machine vision market saw strong growth in 2004, and the Automated Imaging Association in Ann Arbor, Mich., expects that 2005 also will prove to have been a positive year, although not at the same level. The worldwide market for machine...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Microscopy Tip Enhances Quantum
Quantum dots are valuable as fluorophores because they have a broad excitation spectrum and a relatively narrow emission spectrum that depends on the size of the particles. Because of these properties and their stability, they are finding...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Monolithic Tunable Lasers Master the C- and L-Bands
The low-loss transmission window for silica fiber lies between 1400 and 1650 nm. Within this region, the range of wavelengths from roughly 1525 to 1565 nm known as the C-band has historically received most attention from telecommunications...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Nanoelectronics Materials and Equipment Market to Grow
Materials, tools and equipment for the burgeoning nanoelectronics market are forecast to reach $4.2 billion by 2010, reports “Global Nanoelectronics Markets and Opportunities,” released by Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI)...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons -- Part I
In this first of two articles on optical technologies that manipulate photons at the nanoscale, we discuss how surface plasmons are analogous to photons and how they may be used to efficiently guide and control electromagnetic radiation. In at least...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
Nanoscale Organic LEDs Demonstrated
Scientists at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington have reported the fabrication of electrically driven organic LEDs in which the active material is incorporated into holes as small as 60 nm in diameter. They suggest that it may be...
Photonics Spectra, January 2006
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