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Hollow-Core Fibers Seek the 'Holey' Grail
Photonic crystal fibers are glass fibers with a fine array of airholes running down their length. They can exhibit photonic bandgaps, and the more-than-a-decade-old concept of using a two-dimensional bandgap to trap light in a hollow-core fiber is on the verge of competing successfully with conventional fiber in some applications. Universities, major corporate laboratories and start-up companies around the world are modeling, fabricating and testing variants of bandgap-confined hollow-core...
Photonics Spectra, August 2003
Laser Technology Targets Microelectronics Defect Detection
Using optical extension techniques, ArF lasers at 193 nm already produce features as small as 0.1 μm on today’s microchips. The challenges will only increase as the industry moves to the 0.07-μm technology node by 2005. While the number...
Photonics Spectra, August 2003
Optical Profiling Applications Expand
Optical profiling (white-light interferometry) is a noncontact technique for determining surface texture and shape, from nanometer-scale roughness through millimeter-scale step heights. The strengths of this method— high speed, a wide measurement...
Photonics Spectra, August 2003
Paintballing with Light
Paintballing techniques are well-established military training tools, but by using laser simulation devices, one can “paintball” with light. To make the training as representative as possible of the dangers to be found on the battleground, the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2003
Adaptive Optics Improves Multiphoton Imaging
In the years since Bio-Rad Laboratories Ltd. of Hemel Hempstead, UK, licensed the right to commercialize multiphoton microscopy systems from Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., turnkey multiphoton workstations have appeared in labs worldwide....
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Automation Adds to the Microscopy Mix
Some researchers are legendary for their lab capability, easily able to find needles in haystacks. Others who complain that they were never good in the lab appreciate simple-to-operate equipment. Although the concept of point-and-shoot microscopy...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Electro-Optical Characterization of Organic LEDs
Organic LED displays employ an emerging light-emissive technology for efficiently converting electrons into visible light spectrum photons. Such devices have multiple layers composed of a wide variety of organic materials. In a typical display,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Exploring Failure Probability of High-Power Laser Diodes
For industrial applications, high-power laser diodes must last at least 10,000 hours. This will increase the maintenance-free operation time and thus reduce the total costs of ownership of diode-pumped solid-state lasers compared with...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Focusing on TIRF Microscopy
Applications from cell dynamics and single-molecule events to vesicle and protein tracking are all within the realm of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). The technique is so named because it involves total internal reflection of the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Imaging Center Offers the Latest Microscopy Techniques
Scientists study samples, such as microscopic detail of cellular tissue from a mouse kidney and live yeast cells, for obvious reasons. By examining these, they can begin to understand the inner workings of cellular systems, which could lead to the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Laser Diodes Look for Long Life
How long is long enough for a laser diode to last? The answer essentially depends on the application. According to engineers at Newport Inc. in Irvine, Calif., telecom applications in the metro space will often work fine with lower-cost, lower-life...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Laser-Based Micromachining Gets Practical
According to professor Y. Lawrence Yao and colleagues at Columbia University in New York, laser-based micromachining has advantages in micron- and millimeter-scale processing of high-strength materials where mechanical methods are not strong enough...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Lasers Target Glass Marking
As do many materials suppliers, manufacturers of glass products stand to benefit from two-dimensional bar codes inscribed on their products. These marks provide a means to determine a product’s revision level, to deter counterfeiting or to track its...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Lasers Trim Embedded Passive Components
Throughout the electronics industry, the demand for more functionality and reduced package size continues unabated. This, in turn, requires integrated circuits and printed circuit boards with higher density, improved performance and more flexible...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Micromachining Lends Flexibility to Display Applications
Fully integrated laser-based micromachining systems are gaining acceptance in several areas of display manufacturing. These include processing of a broad range of materials that compose the display itself and large-area micropatterning of polymers...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Microscopy Solutions Accelerate Research
Plug-and-play microscopy is a fairly new concept that has some researchers shaking their heads. Microscopes are complex pieces of equipment, and getting the best image of the sample is anything but easy. Help is at hand, however, thanks to recent...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
New Tools Add Precision to Live-Cell Fluorescence
Researchers using live-cell fluorescence often have to examine samples repeatedly to observe changes over time. Viewing multiple samples in three dimensions as a time-lapse movie is common in labs such as the Nikon Imaging Center at Harvard Medical...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Piezoresistive Sensors Facilitate High-Speed Nanopositioning
Science and industry requirements are fueling demand for smaller and higher-speed nanopositioners. Capacitance sensors, which are used in many nanopositioners, may pose problems when used with either miniaturized or faster nanopositioning systems,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Reliability Counts for Laser Diodes
What does a simple $10 laser pointer have in common with a space-qualified optical transmitter link? In each case, the reliability of the semiconductor laser diode used is a key concern. The commercial success of a laser supplier thus rests largely...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Scanning Systems Help Lasers Make Their Mark
Think of industrial lasers, and you probably envision showers of sparks on robotic assembly lines as automobiles are welded, or on job-shop floors as sheets of steel are cut through like butter. No doubt, welding and cutting are among the...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Shaping Diamond for Industrial Tools
Both manufactured (polycrystalline) and natural diamonds are finding an ever-increasing variety of industrial uses in such applications as drawing wire, extruding fibers, cutting hard-to-machine materials and producing precision surgical...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Standardization of Laser Diode Lifetime Testing
Laser diodes are well-established in both telecom and commercial applications. Semiconductor laser sources emitting power in the milliwatt range are produced in millions. Besides other specific attributes, they are characterized by high efficiency,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
Thin-Film Filters Come of Age
Multilayer optical thin-film filters play a critical role in applications ranging from biomedical and analytical instrumentation to advanced laser systems. Although many of these applications still rely on outdated filter technology, there is light...
Photonics Spectra, July 2003
CO2 Lasers Make the Cut
With system revenues well above $2 billion last year, laser cutting remains the major industrial market for high-power laser sources. In fact, advances in machine dynamics and beam delivery systems have led to cutting speeds, and ultimately...
Photonics Spectra, June 2003
Holographic Data Storage: When Will It Happen?
Headlines in Photonics Spectra over the past few years have included: “New Promise for Holographic Storage,” “Holographic Storage Takes a Step Toward Viability” and “Low-Power, Time-Domain Holography Holds Promise.” But we have yet to see an article...
Photonics Spectra, June 2003
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