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Optical Coherence Tomography Aids Cancer Detection
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been applied successfully in ophthalmology since the early 1990s, a success story triggering research efforts in the imaging of early epithelial cancers. Typical nonophthalmic systems achieve a resolution of 10 to 20 μm in dense tissue, but imaging depth is limited to little more than 1 mm. Furthermore, early systems did not provide sufficient image contrast or penetration depth, and they scanned too slowly to combat motion blur when used in vivo....
BioPhotonics, November 2007
Advances in Multiphoton Microscopy
A look at some of the latest work in multiphoton microscopy shows that advances in the technique are enabling new images and research, including uncovering the workings of muscle and the growth of bone. Other advances in technology show that,...
BioPhotonics, October 2007
Dental X-Ray Imaging Goes Digital
Recent advances in digital radiographic imaging technology are changing the practice of dentistry. Digital panoramic and intraoral imaging provide instant access to adjustable high-quality images with a lower radiation dosage than that required for...
BioPhotonics, October 2007
Early Cancer Detection with Fluorophores That Target the Folate Receptor
All it takes is one tumor cell circulating through the bloodstream to turn a manageable tumor into metastatic disease, and just one tumor cell can cause cancer to recur in patients who have received treatment. Although high-resolution clinical...
BioPhotonics, October 2007
Gradient Index Optical Microsystems Visualize Living Cells in Deep Tissue
Morphologic and functional imaging of living cells in deep tissue with micronscale resolution is key for understanding biological and disease processes. For example, high-resolution imaging can help reveal information about cancer generation in the...
BioPhotonics, September 2007
High-Speed Genotyping with Fluorescence Detection
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, more than 30,000 genes involved in the function of the body have been found in a single human cell. The information attained from genetic (DNA) analysis has the potential to revolutionize the...
BioPhotonics, September 2007
Quantum Dots Carry Light into Remote Biological Regions
Visualizing an object can go a long way toward understanding how it works. For growing numbers of researchers, quantum dots are becoming the tool of choice to provide the necessary light. The semiconductor nanocrystals increasingly are being used...
BioPhotonics, September 2007
Diagnosis Is Not Only Skin Deep
The National Cancer Institute estimates that more than 1 million new cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed in the US in 2007, resulting in more than 10,000 deaths — a disproportionately large number of which will be caused by melanoma. Invasive...
BioPhotonics, August 2007
Optical Interference Filters for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Fluorescence techniques are important in biological applications because they enable discrimination between different types of materials and structures. Instruments based on fluorescence techniques include flow cytometers, microarray scanners and...
BioPhotonics, August 2007
Vibration Isolation for Biology
Vibration-isolation workstations and related equipment are used in laboratories to improve research productivity. As our appetite for greater precision has grown, so has the array of vibration-isolation products, many of which did not exist 20 years...
BioPhotonics, August 2007
Automation of Whole Slide and Tissue Microarray Interpretation
Digital techniques have taken center stage in clinical medicine as well as in biomedical research. Digital telemedicine, radiology and cardiology have replaced traditional subjective diagnostic modalities in their respective...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
CO2 Laser Used in Minimally Invasive Laryngeal Surgery
The CO2 laser has long been a therapeutic workhorse in hospitals and physicians’ offices. It is suited for surgical applications, including precise incision and excision procedures, as well as for ablative procedures, such as tissue debulking and...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Compact High-Power Diode Lasers in Dental Surgery
For about 10 years, diode lasers have been established medical devices. They are powerful tools for surgery and for dental applications such as endodontics and paradontics because they work quickly, safely, painlessly and without bleeding. The...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Flexible Image Analysis
Historically, biology researchers examined samples predominantly by eye, but now digital capture of images is commonplace, and objective quantification of those images using automatic analysis software is increasingly desirable. Analyzing images one...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
High-Content-Screen Microscopy Enables Large-Scale Multiplex Image Analysis
Quantitative analysis of cellular images is critical for investigating neuronal function and disease mechanisms in modern neuroscience drug discovery research. In the study of Alzheimer’s disease, neurotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide 1-42...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Holmium:YAG Laser in Clinical Urology
The holmium:YAG laser is widely used in urologic surgery. The solid-state laser is available in variable power configurations from 10 to 100 W and is released in a pulsed-mode system, allowing high-energy delivery to tissue while limiting the amount...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Medical Laser Market on the Rise
Minimally invasive laser surgery is growing in use and is preferred for many procedures because lasers can reach areas where access is difficult with traditional surgical methods. The technique involves practically no incisions, and healing is much...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Nanotechnology for Biology: Exploring Cellular Activity and Abnormality
Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly popular in the medical field, both in imaging and in direct treatment applications. The risks associated with nanotechnology are prompting researchers and scientists to develop safe ways to investigate...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Spotting Prostate Cancer Automatically
Prostate cancer, according to the American Cancer Society, is among the most common malignancies in men and is the second leading cause of death, accounting for about 10 percent of male cancer-related mortality. If the disease is caught early, the...
BioPhotonics, July 2007
Fiber Coating for Medical Devices
Silica optical fibers have a long history of delivering laser energy in surgical, aesthetic, dental and sensing medical applications. Today’s lasers use higher power levels in lithotripsy (the procedure that breaks up kidney stones), benign...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
Laser Incision of Urethral Strictures
Urethral stricture disease, characterized by a narrowing of the urethra, may develop after trauma, indwelling catheterization, endoscopic urological procedures or radical prostatectomy surgery for prostate cancer. Those with stricture disease may...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
New and Improved Fluorescent Proteins
As with the microscopes and detectors that measure their emissions, fluorescent proteins are constantly being improved. Three recent projects promise a new spatially confined imaging method, offer more reliability in what has been a mistrusted...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
Thinking Small
Research in biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals can be a daunting process, involving costly reagents, complex interactions and time-consuming analysis. Fortunately, an emerging family of technologies promises to cut some of those expenses,...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
Understanding Ancient Life
Photonic techniques are helping researchers dig deeper than ever into the past, unearthing new findings about some of the oldest — as well as some of the largest — skeletonized organisms known in the geological record. Raman spectroscopy and...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
Yellow Lasers Target Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and diminished eyesight and is associated with bleeding in the retina. There are two recognized forms of AMD: wet and dry. The wet form is characterized by abnormal growth of...
BioPhotonics, June 2007
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