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UV-Shifted Silicon Devices for Imaging and Detection
Ultraviolet and vacuum UV detection and imaging sensors are required for scientific instrumentation — UV spectrometers and camera systems — used to evaluate the uniformity of beams in vacuum UV lithography equipment. Conventional CCD and CMOS devices are predominantly red-sensitive, peaking at ~800 nm. General UVA, UVB and UVC applications require detectors that have responses in the 200 to 400 nm region of the spectrum. For semiconductor lithography applications, the wavelengths of...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Visionary Hookups
The good thing about standards, it has been said, is that there are so many to choose from. That is certainly proving to be the case for the standards used to operate the interfaces of machine vision cameras. With the properly matched camera...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Building Semiconductor Structures in Optical Fiber
The backbone of the information superhighway comprises optical fiber. Optical fiber technology has lead to the revolution in telecommunications and is affecting many other fields, from defense and remote sensing to biomedicine. This impact is...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Cavity-Enhanced Evanescent Waves Trap Microparticles
Like surfers riding an ocean swell, micron-size particles respond to light and can be trapped and arranged in regular patterns. However, it has been difficult to produce a strong enough optical interaction to achieve this micromanipulation over...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Confocal Raman Microscopy Studies Drug-Membrane Interactions
Investigating drug-membrane interactions, such as a drug’s ability to pass through a membrane or to bind to proteins within it, helps researchers understand the effects of drugs on membrane functions. Christopher B. Fox, Robert A. Horton and Joel M....
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Excimer Laser Advances Enable High-Performance Flat Panel Displays
Many high-performance flat panel displays, including the latest active-matrix organic LED and system-on-panel devices, are based on polycrystalline silicon (“polysilicon”) rather than on the more widely used amorphous silicon....
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Fizeau Interferometers Evaluated Using FlashPhase and Phase-Shift Fringe Analysis
Interferometers have been conventional tools for the optical industry and for optical engineering and research for at least three decades. They are used in optical metrology, in the semiconductor industry, for military applications, for laser design...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Laminated OLEDs Avoid Vacuum Processing
Investigators at GE Global Research in Niskayuna, N.Y., may have found a way to make OLEDs practical for general lighting applications. They have demonstrated a simple roll-to-roll lamination process that could be used to fabricate an OLED-based...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Luminescence of Sulfur-Doped ZnO Nanostructures and Powders Characterized
To better understand the potential of sulfur-doped ZnO for use in solid-state lighting applications, investigators from Duke University in Durham, N.C., and from the US Army’s Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center at...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Making Gold in a Polyvinyl Alcohol Film
Fabricating gold nanoparticles in a polymer film by laser excitation is not new, but the problem has been that the high energy of the laser can damage the thin film. Researchers at Osaka University in Japan were interested in this method, however,...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Near-Field Technique Spectrally Maps Nanoparticles and Viruses
Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy produces high-resolution optical images by irradiating with a laser an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe in proximity to a sample to create a concentrated near-field spot of illumination at the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Oligomeric Derivatives Yield Efficient Blue OLED
In the pursuit of better blue-emitting materials for organic LEDs (OLED), scientists in China have fabricated emitters based on derivatives of oligo(phenylenevinylene) that display CIE color coordinates of (0.154, 0.255) and a luminous efficiency of...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Optical Limiting in Metal Nanowires Studied
Optical limiters transmit low-intensity but block high-intensity light, making them suitable for use in applications such as the protection of sensors and the human eye from laser radiation. In the pursuit of alternative material for such devices,...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Satellite Imagery Comes Down to Earth
It used to be that, to get a bird’s-eye view of your house, you had to be a bird — or somebody in the intelligence community. That’s not true anymore. The advent of software from Google Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., Microsoft Corp. of Redmond,...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
SOLID-STATE LIGHTING: Where Are We Going, What Are We Doing?
The LED industry and its organizations seem to be approaching the problem of establishing an infrastructure for the technology from the wrong end. We are examining specific “problems” with the assumption that solid-state lighting is mature and needs...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Technique Combines Atomic Force Microscopy with Near-Field Optical Imaging
As increasing attention is given to manipulating the structure and function of nanoscale materials, there is a simultaneously growing need for an improved understanding of nanoscale physics. Although optical microscopy has been a valuable tool for...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Ultrasound Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
In his seminal paper1, Albert Einstein introduced the concept of stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation that led to the invention of masers and lasers. Ever since, there has been a propensity to regard stimulated and spontaneous emission...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Aluminum Nitride LED Produces 210-nm Radiation
Suggesting applications in the elimination of environmental toxins, investigators at NTT Basic Research Laboratories in Atsugi, Japan, have reported the development of an AlN PIN homojunction LED that emits 210-nm radiation. With the proper choice...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Cost-Effective Light Sources Created for Rear-Projection TV
Television in the US is going digital as of Feb. 17, 2009, when, under a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandate, the analog television broadcast will end. The FCC has further mandated that, beginning July 1, 2007, all televisions sold in...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Cryogenic Laser Photolithography Finds Quantum Dot Registration
In quantum dot information processing, it is critical to be able to register the position of a single quantum dot with respect to the antinode of a defect (missing hole) in a photonic crystal to create strong coupling and cavity quantum...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Darkness on the Edge of Your Images
Numerous image sensor manufacturers are producing digital sensors that match the size of slide and negative films. Such sensors work with standard camera peripheral equipment such as lenses and flashes, which have existed for some time, and most...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Feedback-Based Imaging Enables Miniature Scanning Confocal Microscopes
As part of their work toward the development of a handheld scanning confocal microscope, researchers at Institut Femto-ST (Franche-Comté Electronique Mecanique Thermique et Optique — Sciences et Technologies) at Université de Franche-Comté in...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Exposes Self-Assembly
of Mesoporous Thin Films
The low index of refraction and ultralow dielectric constant of mesoporous ceramic thin films make the materials of interest for a variety of applications in optics and electronics. Now a spectroscopic technique has demonstrated the ability to...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
How Much Energy Are You Throwing Away?
The Gaussian beam profile of a TEM00 laser is suitable for many applications. For targeting and alignment, the peaked Gaussian beam enables pinpoint precision. However, it is not ideal for other applications, including lithography, biomedical...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
LED Lighting Gaining in Cost-Effectiveness
A number of developments are converging to stimulate widespread replacement of traditional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs with LEDs in many general illumination applications. Some call it a revolution in lighting technology. Although several...
Photonics Spectra, July 2006
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