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Plasmonics Harnessed to Intensify Light
STANFORD, Calif., Sept. 30, 2011 — A new type of light source, which makes use of the power of plasmonics, has been developed by physicists at Stanford University. The ultracompact, nanoscale device could find applications in data communications and could also be used to improve fundamental science, said the researchers. The team took an electric-field-induced second-harmonic light generation (EFISH) device and miniaturized it to the nanoscale because EFISH devices are typically big and demand high-power lasers, large...
Trapped, Cooled Ions Are Usable as Sensors
BRAUNSCHWEIG, Germany, Sept. 30, 2011 — Using a simple laser-cooling technique, researchers at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and Leibniz University of Hanover have brought a single magnesium ion to a standstill, presaging a time when such individual particles can be used as...
4-Camera System Aims for Glasses-Free 3-D
BERLIN, Sept. 28, 2011 — A newly developed four-camera assistance system that reduces the calibration time from days to minutes makes it possible to watch 3-D TV without glasses. For glasses-free 3-D TV, autostereoscopic displays are needed, which are coated with...
Can Neutrinos Travel Faster Than Light?
GENEVA, Sept. 28, 2011 — The news from researchers with the international OPERA experiment that they found neutinos can travel faster than the speed of light was greeted with both admiration and skepticism at a press conference in Geneva last week. The OPERA experiment...
Plasmonic Nanotweezers Keep Cool
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 28, 2011 — A new instrument dubbed a plasmonic nanotweezer creates strong forces more efficiently than traditional optical tweezers and eliminates a problem that caused earlier setups to overheat. It may make it easier to isolate and study tiny particles such...
ULIS to Supply Infrared Sensors for New Thermal Imaging Cameras
VEUREY-VOROIZE, France, Sept. 28, 2011 — ULIS, a subsidiary of Sofradir, has signed a contract with a California-based maker of video and security systems to supply infrared sensors for a new line of thermal imaging cameras. The contract with Pelco, a division of Schneider Electric...
Brain Imaging Reveals the Movies in Our Minds
BERKELEY, Calif., Sept. 27, 2011 — A unique blend of brain imaging and computer simulation demonstrated at the University of California has shown the potential for literally recording and displaying one’s thoughts and dreams. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging...
Ferroelectrics Could Boost Solar Cell Voltages
BERKELEY, Calif., Sept. 27, 2011 — Some ferroelectric materials can develop extremely high voltages when exposed to light, which could improve solar cells, but scientists haven’t been able to figure out how the process works. Now, researchers at the US Department of Energy's...
Optimal Algorithm Developed for Determining Focus Error
AUSTIN, Texas, Sept. 27, 2011 — University of Texas researchers have discovered how to extract and use information in an individual image to determine how far objects are from the focus distance, a feat accomplished previously only by human and animal visual systems. As with...
Subwavelength Antenna Separates Colors of Light
GOTHENBURG, Sweden, Sept. 27, 2011 — A nanoantenna smaller than the wavelength of light has been built that can direct red and blue colors in opposite directions. The finding could lead to optical nanosensors that can detect very low concentrations of gases or biomolecules. A...
Human Heart Cells Paced with Light
STANFORD, Calif., Sept. 23, 2011 — The first human heart cells that can be paced with light were created at Stanford University, providing new insight into the vital organ’s function.
Flexible, Implantable LED Detects Cancer
DAEJEON, Republic of Korea, Sept. 21, 2011 — A biocompatible, flexible gallium nitride (GaN) LED that can detect prostate cancer has been developed by professor Keon Jae Lee and his research team at KAIST (formerly the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). The highly...
Lasers Illuminate Cancer During Surgery
MUNICH, Germany, Sept. 21, 2011 — A new imaging technique is helping to locate even small groups of cancer cells that surgeons might otherwise overlook during surgery. The technique uses laser light to find cancer cells based on their molecular signatures, and there are plans to...
QDs Improve Next-Gen Solar Cells by 6%
TORONTO, Sept. 21, 2011 — A promising technique for improving solar conversion efficiency has been developed using tightly packed quantum dots assembled on the surface of solar cells. Researchers from the University of Toronto (U of T), the King Abdullah University of...
Structure of Smallest Crystals Made Visible
MAINZ, Germany, Sept. 21. 2011 — A new way of making structures visible at the nanoscale level makes it possible to determine with precision the arrangement of atoms and molecules in materials ranging from cement to pharmaceuticals. The procedure, still in its infancy, comes from...
Webb Space Telescope Funded, for Now
WASHINGTON, Sept. 20, 2011 — Two months after a House committee recommended defunding the project altogether, the James Webb Space Telescope was saved by a Senate subcommittee, which is allocating $530 million to the international project in 2012. The 2012 appropriations bill...
Lasers Facilitate Neuron Regeneration
CRETE, Greece, and SHEFFIELD, England, Sept. 20, 2011 — Intricate scaffolds, with features 1000 times smaller than a millimeter, have been created using an ultrafast titanium sapphire laser. These scaffolds can effectively harness the growth of neuronal cells and can be used as delivery vehicles to drop...
New Technique Boosts Speed of THz Imaging
KAWASAKI, Japan, Sept. 20, 2011 — A new twist on terahertz imaging promises to speed inspections by a factor of 25. As a result, this technology has potential applications in airport security, narcotics investigations and electronic devices inspections. An existing measurement...
Ultrasensitive Laser Detects IEDs
EAST LANSING, Mich., Sept. 20, 2011 — A new ultrasensitive laser that detects the vibrational frequencies of unique molecules in improvised explosive devices (IED), or roadside bombs, can spot the devices from a distance of 40 feet or more. The weapons are the deadliest threat to troops...
Hybrid Imager Spots Elusive Cancer
STORRS, Conn., Sept. 16, 2011 — A combination of three previously unrelated imaging tools promises to lead the way to diagnoses of early-stage ovarian cancer in high-risk women through minimally invasive surgery. The new technique may be better than the current standard procedure...
Major Patent Overhaul Becomes Law
WASHINGTON, Sept. 16, 2011 — President Barack Obama today signed the most significant reform of US patent law since 1836 and the first major changes to the system since 1952. On stage with a bipartisan group of legistators, Obama signed the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act into...
Parabolic Mirrors Power Solar Lasers
COLLEGE PARK, Md., Sept. 16, 2011 — By borrowing from modern telescope design, researchers in Uzbekistan said they can boost the efficiency of solar-pumped lasers to 35 percent. Such lasers today typically only achieve 1 to 2 percent efficiency rates, and a boost would also provide a...
UV Laser Zaps Multiple Tissue Areas Simultaneously
WASHINGTON, Sept. 16, 2011 — A single UV laser pulse is being used to zap away biological tissue at multiple points at the same time. This technique could advance the study of developmental biology. Time-lapse microscopy of a fruit fly epithelium in which a single cell is...
FEI, OHSU to create a ‘Living Lab’
PORTLAND, Ore., Sept. 15, 2011 — A collaboration between industry and academia has resulted in the creation of a new laboratory that will provide researchers with several state-of-the-art electron microscopes to advance the understanding and treatment of cancer, AIDS and other...
Lifetime of Excited Atoms Measured
COPENHAGEN, Denmark, Sept. 15, 2011 — The lifetime of an excited magnesium atom has been successfully determined to be half an hour — the longest ever measured in a laboratory. These results will impact the development of ultraprecise atomic clocks. In the experiment, atomic...

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