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Research & Technology News
Semiconductor Interface Emits UV Light in Presence of Water
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 17, 2015 — Just a few molecules of water can cause a complex oxide material to emit intense UV light, a discovery that could have bearing on chemical sensors and optical computing. The phenomenon was observed by a team led by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, who were studying a lanthanum aluminate film on a strontium titanate crystal. Reproducing the experimental conditions, they realized that water molecules on the surface played a role in emission of UV light from inside the
Correlated Metal Films Eyed for Affordable Displays
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa., Dec. 16, 2015 — A highly transparent and electrically conductive metal thin film holds promise as an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) in displays, windows, touch screens and solar cells. ITO is a transparent conductor used in more than 90 percent of the...
Laser Ranging System Tracks Movement of Hidden Objects in Real Time
EDINBURGH, Scotland, Dec. 15, 2015 — A single-photon avalanche diode camera system has been used to image objects located out of the camera's line of sight and track their movements with centimeter precision. REAS Camera that tracks hidden objects. A laser ranging system can see around...
ICFO Receives $1.9M for Quantum Cryptography Research
BARCELONA, Spain, Dec. 15, 2015 — ICFO, the Institute of Photonic Sciences, has received €1.7 million (about $1.86 million) from the Axa Research Fund to fund a permanent chairmanship for quantum cryptography technology research, addressing rising data security issues among...
Injket Method Cuts Hologram Production Costs, Time
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia, Dec. 15, 2015 — Rainbow holograms like those used to protect credit cards and currency can be created with an ordinary inkjet printer, reducing production time and cost. The technique was developed at the St. Petersburg National Research University of Information...
Terahertz Source Inspects Bridge Components
SENDAI, Japan, Dec. 14, 2015 — Terahertz waves could be especially useful in the safety inspection bridges that use prestressed concrete (PC) steel wires hidden inside external cables covered by resin jackets. That's the conclusion of researchers at Tohoku University who...
Diagnostic Method Employs Birefringence of Liquid Crystals
ZURICH, Dec. 14, 2015 — A detection system that uses birefringence as the sole optical output signal holds promise as a low-cost, rapid diagnostic tool for identifying biomarkers, viruses, bacteria and parasites in the field. Scientists from ETH Zurich (the Swiss Federal...
Application Note: IR Imaging Differentiates Skin from Other Materials
SANKT AUGUSTIN, Germany, Dec. 11, 2015 — Systems using IR wavelengths to distinguish skin from other materials hold promise for improving search and rescue efforts and defending against efforts to deceive biometric systems. The proliferation of face-recognizing biometric systems for...
Nanostructured Thin Films Boost Optoelectronics' Efficiency
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Dec. 10, 2015 — A antireflection coating allows LEDs, solar cells and sensors to capture light without hampering the flow of electricity, which could increase efficiency in such optoelectronic devices. Developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in...
Spectroscopic Probe Monitors Photoconversion Process
GOLDEN, Colo., Dec. 10, 2015 — A measurement probe could lead to improvements in how photoelectrodes are designed, making them more efficient and stable. Photoelectrochemical cells can be used to convert solar energy into transportable chemical fuels. The photoconversion process...
Laser-Triggered Drugs Manage Pain in Preclinical Models
BOSTON, Dec. 9, 2015 — Two prospective approaches to pain management use lasers to either release local anesthetics at the site of an injury or block pain signals. Preclinical studies using the techniques, conducted by researchers at Boston Children's Hospital and at the...
Single Photons Separated from Light Pulses
REHOVOT, Israel, Dec. 8, 2015 — Separating single photons from pulses of light could enable eavesdropping on encrypted quantum communications — but it could also help make such channels more secure. Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have demonstrated how to...
Lidar Scanning May Aid Forest Monitoring, Management
JOENSUU, Finland, Dec. 7, 2015 — A mathematical method usually employed in economics for studying income inequality has been applied to the study of tree-size variation using lidar data. Researchers from the University of Eastern Finland have identified and analyzed indicators for...
Plasmons Enhance Detection of Wavefront Aberrations
DUBLIN, Dec. 8, 2015 — A sensor that exploits plasmonics to gauge nanoscale distortions in lightwaves could yield more powerful tools for metrology and chemical sensing, as well as sharper microscopes.
Computer Chips Measured Using Optical Scatterfield Technique
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Dec. 7, 2015 — Using a microscope that combines standard through-the-lens viewing with scatterfield imaging techniques, researchers have accurately measured patterned features on a silicon wafer 30 times smaller than the wavelength of light. The achievement...
Bridging Nanoparticles Creates Reversible Color Change for Displays
HOUSTON, Dec. 7, 2015 — A method for building tiny "drawbridges" could allow engineers to use standard electrical switching techniques to construct color displays from pairs of nanoparticles that scatter different colors of light. The chemical bridges can be created and...
Consumer Sensors Lower Cost of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 7, 2015 — A fluorescence lifetime system that relies on a consumer-grade time-of-flight sensor and a mathematical model holds promise as a low-cost imaging option for biomedical research and clinical practice. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is a popular...
Technique Sinters Thin Films at Lower Temps
CORVALLIS, Ore., Dec. 4, 2015 — A revised approach to the process of photonic sintering could advance thin films for solar cells, flexible electronics, sensors and other printed technologies by decreasing the temperature required for fabrication. Sintering is the fusing of...
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy System Determines Fish Freshness
TOYOHASHI, Japan, Dec. 3, 2015 — An autofluorescence spectroscopy method has been used to determine the freshness of fishery products. In Japan, freshness is the primary determinant of acceptability and pricing on the fish market because fresh fish products must be suitable to be...
Polarization Data Enhances 3D Scanning Resolution
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 2, 2015 — The resolution of conventional 3D imaging devices can be increased by as much as 1,000 times by exploiting the polarization of light. That's the conclusion of an international team of researchers who modified a Microsoft Kinect time-of-flight sensor...
Hyperspectral IR Camera Measures Air's Methane Content
LINKÖPING, Sweden, Dec. 1, 2015 — A hyperspectral IR camera sensitive to methane in the air could help measure and monitor greenhouse gases. The camera, developed by a team from the universities of Linköping and Sweden, weighs 35 kg and measures 50 &mult; 45 &mult; 25...
Process Minimizes Contact Reflectance in Solar Cells
STANFORD, Calif., Nov. 30, 2015 — Electrical contacts take up 5 to 10 percent of the surface of conventional solar cells, reflecting sunlight and hampering power generation. A simple chemical reaction can cause those contacts to recede while exposing more of a cell's...
Lensless Camera Thinner than a Dime
HOUSTON, Nov. 30, 2015 — Using a gridlike mask instead of a lens, a camera system thinner than a dime could pave the way for imaging systems embedded in flexible, foldable and even disposable media. FlatCam detects a linear combination of light from multiple scene elements,...
Application Note: Airborne Spectrometers Monitor Volcanic Emissions
DUNEDIN, Fla., Nov. 27, 2015 — Flying into the maws of active volcanoes, spectrometers from Ocean Optics will help scientists study the effects of eruptions on climate. As part of the Trail by Fire project, the Flame miniature spectrometers will be flown directly below volcano...
Superacid Erases Thin Film Defects, Boosting Luminescence
BERKELEY, Calif., Nov. 26, 2015 — An organic superacid can smooth out defects in monolayer semiconductors, potentially making them more viable for applications such as transparent LED displays, ultrahigh-efficiency solar cells and photodetectors. The chemical treatment method...
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