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Improving Nanopositioning Resolution
Nanopositioning is a basic requirement in virtually all areas of nanotechnology research. And, because it implies very small motions controlled with a high degree of accuracy, it seems intuitive to seek a specification of a nanopositioner’s resolution; that is, what is the smallest motion producible by a given design? Some applications, such as those involving optical microscopy, often do not test the limits of a nanopositioning device. Others, such as laser particle tracking, may push the...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Jobs in Photonics
When Photonics Spectra conducted its annual European salary survey, it found a shift in pay that was slightly surprising. This year’s survey shows a decrease in pay. In 2004, the median salary for Europe was €60,000. This year, our salary survey...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Microscope Setup Rapidly Images Plasmon Sensor Array
When it comes to genomic and proteomic arrays, researchers want fast measurements and techniques free of fluorescent labels. These characteristics, noted University of California, Berkeley, bioengineering professor Luke P. Lee, can reduce the time...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Microscopy of Mother-of-Pearl Suggests Novel Formation Mechanisms
The iridescent substance called nacre, or mother-of-pearl, is of particular interest to materials scientists because this layered arrangement of CaCO3 crystal platelets is some 3000 times more resistant to fracture than pure crystal. An...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Nanosheets Might Make Microlasers
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have created planar clusters of CdSe nanocrystals that emit polarized light in the plane of the cluster. The discovery could lead to nanostructures that emit light, such as lasers and LEDs; absorb...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
One-Dimensional Holey Fiber Is Highly Nonlinear
Typically, holey fibers are composed of glass, with a microstructure of tiny airholes surrounding the core. Several years ago, scientists at the University of Southampton in the UK demonstrated that holey fibers also can be constructed from two...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Optical Profiler Technology Enables High-Magnification Measurement Through Transmissive Materials
For decades, high-performance optical profilers have been evolving to adapt white-light interferometry to research and production applications in materials science, semiconductors, optics and the biological sciences. However, a limitation that...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Optical Tweezers Study Alters Einstein’s Theory of Motion
Brownian motion, first described theoretically by Albert Einstein 100 years ago, is the concept that the irregular motion of particles in a fluid is caused by random thermal agitation of the surrounding molecules. Since then, scientists have...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Photoluminescence/Raman System Images Nanotubes
Using a setup that enables simultaneous high-resolution photoluminescence and Raman imaging, scientists at Universität Tübingen in Germany and at the University of Rochester in New York are probing single-walled carbon nanotubes. Coupled with the...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Reducing Uncertainty in Precision High-Brightness LED Measurements
Dramatic improvements in the performance of LEDs and other solid-state lighting sources over the past five years have produced unexpected growth for this sector of the photonics industry. Advancements in output performance and operating efficiencies...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
The Best Defense Is a Bright Diode Laser
Throughout history, military applications have employed state-of-the-art technologies as conflicting parties hastened to stay one step ahead of each another. Photonics technology is no exception. As early as 212 B.C., optics were used as a weapon...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
Tip Design Offers Aperture and Apertureless Advantages
A design for a metallic tip probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy promises the benefits of both aperture and apertureless techniques. The scientists at Gifu University in Japan who conceived the probe geometry suggest that it should yield...
Photonics Spectra, December 2005
‘Nano3 Photonics’ Demonstrated with Single Gallium Nanoparticle
Photonic devices are coming in smaller and smaller packages, giving rise to a demand for nanoscale components. To that end, investigators at the University of Southampton in the UK are working on an approach to be used in nanoscale nonlinear optical...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Bigger Is Not Always Better in Optical Coating Production
In the world of optical thin films, exciting challenges to production are rapidly emerging. Digital imaging and high-definition projection television are becoming common, redefining the demand for optical thin-film coatings. Coatings must have a...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Electrochemical Display Switches Between Emissive, Reflective Modes
A display technology demonstrated at the Chinese University of Hong Kong promises to combine the benefits of organic LED and liquid crystal devices by operating in both emissive and reflective modes. The technique suggests applications in...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Femtosecond Laser Used for ZnO Nanowire Synthesis
A laser-assisted nanowire growth process reported by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., employs a high-power femtosecond source to reduce the formation of microparticulates in the synthesis of crystalline ZnO...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope Offers Picosecond Resolution
Scientists at Riken research institute in Wako, Japan, have developed a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope that incorporates a Kerr cell to offer picosecond temporal and micrometer spatial resolution. The apparatus, suggested Tahei Tahara,...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Have Silicon Lasers Come of Age?
Compound semiconductors have long been the workhorse for light generation and amplification in optoelectronic devices, whereas silicon has been the de facto standard for electronic integrated circuits. Driven by the material’s cost advantage,...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Heat-Transfer Fluids Cut Cost of Quantum Dots
Quantum dots may be tiny, but they are hugely important for their optoelectronic properties. A drawback, however, is that they typically cost thousands of dollars per gram. Approximately 90 percent of the expense of quantum dots lies in the cost...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Hybrid LEDs Offer Full-Color Emission
Using the down-conversion of ultraviolet radiation by polyfluorene materials, a team of scientists at Imperial College London and at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, has generated blue, green, red and white light from arrays of...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Motion Application Mistakes ... and How to Avoid Making Them
Growing concurrently with the discovery and development of nanophotonic devices, silicon lasers, microelectromechanical systems technology and ultrafast techniques is the need to incorporate motorized positioning. Tests have shown that humans...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Nanoscale Belts Have Display Applications
Researchers at National Taiwan University and at Academia Sinica, both in Taipei, have come up with the latest nanofashion accessory: a nanobelt. Built of CdSe, it is strongly photoluminescent, has a high quantum yield and efficiently converts...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Rapid Quantum Dot Synthesis Suggests Biomedical, Optoelectronic Uses
Scientists at State University of New York at Buffalo have developed rapid, single-pot methods for the chemical synthesis of InP and PbSe quantum dots. The work promises to have an effect on the production and application of quantum dots for...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Silicon Lasers Poised for Multiple Applications
It traditionally has been considered impossible to make a laser from silicon because it is an indirect bandgap semiconductor. Using a silicon waveguide fabricated with standard CMOS technology, Intel Corp. researchers recently demonstrated the first...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Single Molecules Tell Two Tales
A team of scientists at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, Calif., has shown that, with the right photonic equipment, a molecule can tell two versions of the same story at once. The group, according to technical staff member A. Khai Luong,...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
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