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‘Giant’ Nanoparticles May Offer Improved Performance
Although nanocrystal quantum dots offer a host of advantages and continue to be explored for a range of imaging applications, these tiny optical probes do come with some baggage. They are, for instance, prone to changes in their quantum yield, photobleaching and blinking, a phenomenon that is particularly irksome for investigators who are trying to monitor a single biomolecule. A research team from Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico led by Jennifer A. Hollingsworth is reporting...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Another Way to Build a Better White Light
When it comes to replacing today’s white lights, don’t count out solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells. Researchers from National Taiwan University in Taipei recently demonstrated that cells based on cationic transition metal complexes...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Array of Tiny Quantum Cascade Lasers Provides Tunable Mid-IR Output
Unlike the near-infrared and visible spectral ranges, where diode lasers provide compact and reliable sources, the mid-infrared range — 3 to 15 μm — lacks good lasers. A breakthrough in this area occurred with the demonstration of the quantum...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Caution: Beam Crossing Ahead
There are times when a laser beam must cross between tables or must even travel from one room to another. This presents an interesting traffic flow and safety challenge to both the laser safety officer and the laser user. Fortunately, there are...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Cavity Leak-Out Spectroscopy Aids Ethane Detection
Ethane is an important chemical that is used in several industrial processes, such as the manufacturing of ethylene, but it also is an important biomarker for human health. Trace amounts of the odorless gas are created as a by-product of oxidative...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Economic Challenges for Machine Vision
If you produce it, will customers buy it? As with other firms, machine vision companies are wondering how the products they manufacture will sell in the current economy. The concern is well justified; although machine vision products historically...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Focusing High-Power, Single-Mode Laser Beams
New generations of thin-disk and fiber lasers are combining excellent beam quality — M2 typically between 1.2 and ∼8 — with kilowatts output power. This combination brings the performance of beam-forming optics into question.1, 2 In...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
FPGA TRAINING
Matrox Imaging offers online field-programmable gate array (FPGA) training programs. They are intended for software developers who need to interface, control and create array configurations with the company’s hardware and software products — the...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
High-Quality NSOM Aperture Probes Made More Cheaply
Near-field scanning optical microscopes (NSOM) have not been used widely or routinely because of difficulties producing high-quality probes at a reasonable cost. The technique uses probes with holes so tiny that they produce evanescent waves to...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Improving Solar Efficiency Through Tandem Design
Organic solar cells have several potential benefits. Compared with their nonorganic brethren, they are lightweight, inexpensive and easy to produce. Unfortunately, they remain relatively ineffective, converting much less sunlight into usable...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Ivy’s Secret Is in Its Secretions
As anyone knows who has ever been to Wrigley Field in Chicago, ivy climbs, it covers and it spreads over almost anything in its path. The plant’s famed surface-climbing ability has made it a fixture in country gardens, on urban buildings and in...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Leaves Its Print on Surveillance
For better or worse, security is increasing, and that means new opportunities — and challenges — for machine vision. Cameras and systems developed originally for inspecting widgets now are being pressed into service for surveillance and for...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Near-IR Spectroscopy Gauges Tastiness of Plums
Consumers judge stone fruits such as plums by appearance and texture, seeking sometimes subtle clues about the flavor that awaits beneath the fruit’s flesh. Before you see or feel the fruit at the supermarket, however, growers and shippers must...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Practical Nanotomography
The applications of focused ion beam-based nanotomography already are quite diverse and are expanding quickly. Materials science applications range from analysis of volumetric fractions of composition and porosity to crystallographic texture....
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Putting All of the Sunshine to Work in Solar Cells
Despite extensive research and development, solar cells still fall woefully short of perfection. Commercially available units convert only about 15 percent of the light that falls on them into electricity. Now a team from the University of Notre...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Scanning Impedance Probe Microscopy
Mapping physical properties of various materials at high resolution has been pursued for decades in the microscopy world, and new challenges are added by the semiconductor and materials industries, which have an increasing need to map physical...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Solar Cells of Stainless Steel
The ongoing search for less-expensive solar cells has led researchers in Finland to consider a material that is as plentiful as it is durable: stainless steel. Traditional solar cells use glass as the substrate upon which the rest of the device...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Spreading Out Laterally Enables a Phosphor-Free White LED
Conventional white LEDs are actually blue or ultraviolet sources, with added phosphor shifting the light to white. However, the converter degrades over time, the wavelength shifting is inefficient, and the packaging steps are...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Visible and Nonvisible Imaging Techniques
The field of industrial microscopy has evolved from simple bright-field on-axis imaging to that of nonvisible and confocal-based technologies. Bright-field is a resolution-limited technique that uses on-axis illumination and imaging to form the...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Buildings Painted with Solar Cells Envisioned
SWANSEA, UK Researchers at Swansea University are investigating ways of painting solar cells onto the flexible steel surfaces that are used for cladding buildings. An ecological alternative, this photovoltaic method of capturing solar energy...
Photonics.com, May 2008
Carbon Nanotube Spheres Fabricated with Light
As more potential photonic applications are being explored for carbon nanotubes, which are valued for properties such as ultrafast recovery times and optical nonlinearity, the construction and handling of nanotubes remain an issue. Nanotubes are...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
Coming Attractions: Holographic Movies
Moving 3-D displays may no longer be science fiction, thanks to researchers from the University of Arizona in Tucson and from Nitto Denko Technical Corp. of Oceanside, Calif. They recently demonstrated an updatable holographic 3-D display based on a...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
Flexible LED Fashioned with Inorganic Nanowires
An inorganic LED that is flexible and potentially stretchable has been developed with ZnO nanowires serving as the optically active component. In a continuation of their previous work, where an emission at 393 nm was obtained from ZnO nanowires...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
Fluorescence Shows How Cheeses Change Properties After Exposure to Light
Have you left the cheese out on the kitchen counter again? You may wish that you hadn’t — cheeses become discolored, change flavor and lose nutrients when exposed to light, mostly because of photoinduced lipid oxidation. Some cheese makers wrap...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
IMEC Creates Efficient Solar Cell
LEUVEN, Belgium Researchers at IMEC, a research centre for nanoelectronics and nanotechnology, have created a high-efficiency single-junction gallium-arsenide solar cell on a germanium substrate, which was provided by Umicore of Brussels....
Photonics.com, May 2008
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