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Photoluminescence of Gold Nanorods Probed
Gold nanorods show potential as tiny light sources for labeling and sensing applications. To better understand how the emissions of these structures depend on their size and shape, scientists at Argonne National Laboratory’s Chemistry Div. and Center for Nanoscale Materials in Illinois and at the Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d’Instrumentation Optique at Université de Technologie de Troyes in France have investigated two-photon-induced photoluminescence from individual gold nanorods. Their...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Photoswitchable Molecular Tip Designed for AFM Chemical Identification
Chemists at Tokyo Institute of Technology and at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have designed and synthesized a photoswitchable molecule that they suggest could be used in conjunction with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to identify...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Remote Sensing Applications in Regional Emergency Management
Optical remote sensing exploits reflected and emitted light within and beyond the range detectable by the human eye, which is broadly 400 to 700 nm. Above this range is the infrared, from 700 nm to ~3 µm, which is perceived as reflected radiation,...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Silicon Photonics Poised to Invade Local Area Networks
The time for the mainstream adoption of optical links in the local area network (LAN) has arrived. Brave optical engineers have uttered these words each time the need for more bandwidth appeared to challenge the capability of copper links. They...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Slow Light: From Basics to Future Prospects
The speed of light in a vacuum is a quantity that defies human comprehension. A flash of light travels across a football field so quickly that it appears instantaneous; it is only through the use of modern high-speed photoreceivers that we can...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Spectroscopy Improves Nanotube Growth
Better displays may be on the way, thanks to work on carbon nanotube growth by researchers at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, South Korea. Using optical emission spectroscopy, the scientists have found the optimum conditions for the growth of...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Spectroscopy Technique Studies Uranium
Developing effective hazard control and remediation programs to deal with uranium in the environment requires an understanding of how the substrate interacts with surface water, groundwater, soil and minerals in the subsurface zone. To this end,...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
The Dirt on Cleaning Optics
Anyone who has worn glasses or driven a car knows the detrimental effects of dirt on the performance of a lens or window. The effects can be more serious in optics setups that involve laser radiation. Precision optics should be handled properly...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Toward Optical Packet Switching
When we surf the Internet or when some of us place a phone call — and in the near future when we watch TV — we send and receive information from the data network (Figure 1). It is a nontrivial task to manage traffic coming from and going to...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
VIS/NIR Spectroscopy Spots Adulterated Crabmeat
One way that food manufacturers may seek to boost profits is to add inferior ingredients to high-end products. Doing so generally does not pose a health hazard to consumers, but the failure to correctly identify ingredients defrauds customers and...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Vision’s New Gig
Robert Eastlund, vice president of sales at Graftek Imaging Inc. in Austin, Texas, naturally doesn’t like to disappoint a customer. Right now, however, his options for avoiding that are sometimes limited. Graftek, a systems integrator and component...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Commercial Applications of Optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is at the crossroads of electronics and optics. Using optical and electronic means, it generates, manipulates and converts light. Photonic devices process, store, transmit and display information for applications such as...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Designing with Diffractives
Diffractive optical elements offer the optical system designer powerful and often unique functionality in a compact package. For example, diffraction gratings can produce a large angular spread between closely spaced wavelengths, making them useful...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Excimer Lasers: Rugged Reliability Is Key to Applications Growth
Excimers are pulsed gas lasers that deliver high pulse energies and high average output at ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet wavelengths. As a result, the list of applications for excimer lasers continues to expand, in contrast to other types of gas...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Flexible Polymer Microcavity LEDs Use Polymer Mirrors
LED displays are getting larger, brighter, thinner and flexible to the point where they can be shaped and wrapped in unique ways. To do this, the LEDs must be made of a pliable material. Now a group at South China University of Technology in...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
FRET Detects Molecules with Multiple Quantum Dots
When it comes to rapidly detecting toxins and small molecules in soil, water and food, luminescent semiconductor quantum dots could hit the spot. A team from the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington and from MIT in Cambridge, Mass., has shown...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Green LEDs Take a Semipolar Route
Green LEDs, which comprise thin films of GaN doped in various ways, present problems when the upper films are grown along a polar direction of the GaN crystal. For example, strong polarization-induced electric fields are produced and lead to a...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Inexpensive Laser Technique Finds Circuit Hot Spots
Each year, integrated circuits grow in on-chip density, complexity and cost. Increasing the density means that current must be carried by smaller structures that are susceptible to thermal damage, and the increasing complexity makes it difficult to...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Microstructured Fibers: Design and Applications
Holey fibers, in which airholes are introduced in the cladding region and extended in the axial direction of the fiber, have been known since the early days of silica waveguide research.1 Early work demonstrated the first low-loss fibers, which...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Molded Chalcogenide Optics Reduces Cost of Infrared Imaging and Sensing
With the recent development of less costly uncooled infrared detector technology, expensive optics are among the remaining significant cost drivers. For many years, germanium has been the critical material for thermal imaging in the 8- to 12-μm...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Nanocrystal Emission Rate Probed
Scientists at the Institut d’Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie in Lille, France, and at Utrecht University and the Mesa+ institute at Universiteit Twente in Enschede, both in the Netherlands, have determined that colloidal...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Nanolithography Techniques Produce Freestanding Components
A research team at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science in Taejon and at Sogang University in Seoul, both in South Korea, has developed nanolithographic techniques that yield tiny freestanding gold components that can be moved and...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons - Part II
Plasmonics has fascinated people for centuries, although they didn’t always fully understand its unique effects. During the Middle Ages, for example, infusions of colloidal metal particles in glass produced wondrously brilliant colors for cathedral...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Photoluminescence Acts as Scanning Near-Field Microscopy Probe
A highly localized light source shows promise for use in scanning near-field optical microscopy. Developed by scientists at the University of Melbourne in Australia and at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg, it combines aspects of two...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Polarized Raman Confocal Microscopy Maps Nanowires
Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, also in California, and Université Bordeaux 1 in Talence, France, have reported that polarized Raman confocal microscopy may be used to collect information...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
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