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White Phosphorescent OLED Avoids Exciton-Blocking Layers
A research team at Tsinghua University in Beijing has reported that exciton-blocking layers can be eliminated from a white phosphorescent organic LED (OLED) through the proper choice of different hosts for the red and blue emissive layers in a two-layer device, with potential applications in full-color OLED displays and in solid-state lighting. A device constructed using the approach displayed a maximum current efficiency and luminance of 10.5 cd/A and 22,000 cd/m2, respectively. The...
Photonics Spectra, May 2006
Chaos Affects Atomic Force Microscopes
A pair of researchers at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., have confirmed suspicions that deterministic chaos plays a role in dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) systems, introducing small but real uncertainty into the measurements....
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Drift in Cryogenically Cooled Photodetectors: Causes and Cures
Infrared photodetectors benefit greatly from cooling to cryogenic temperatures. For this reason, manufacturers mount the majority of these instruments in evacuated Dewars that use cryogenic coolants such as liquid nitrogen or helium (Figure 1)....
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Electronic Properties of Single Silver Nanoparticles Are Studied
Metallic nanoparticles display potential for such applications as enhancing the fluorescence of biological molecules, but for all the interest, significant questions regarding their properties remain. The electronic properties that affect the...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Flexible Organic LED Has Flexible Uses
Researchers at Princeton University and at Universal Display Corp. in Ewing, both in New Jersey, have constructed an organic LED (OLED) on a flat 9.5 × 9.5-cm sheet of plastic and deformed it into a dome with a radius of 8.5 cm. The device continued...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Fluorescence Microscopy Probes Surface-Dependent Catalysis
As the chemical industry develops techniques that use crystal surfaces to catalyze reactions to improve production efficiency, there is an interest in better understanding the process. Many analytical approaches involve single-crystal metal surfaces...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Laser Scanning Microscopy Images Microjets Impinging Electrodes
To enable the creation of better models of electrochemical interactions, Patrick R. Unwin and colleagues at University of Warwick in Coventry, UK, are investigating novel microjet geometries that project a stream of solution against an electrode,...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Leave the Driving to Us
After more than 130 miles across dry lake beds, along winding mountain paths and through the rocky wilderness, Stanley emerged from the Mojave Desert to cross the finish line. Beyond the sweetness of a first-place finish with its $2 million prize,...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Low-Refractive-Index Nanorod Layer Improves LED Extraction Efficiency
The development of GaN-based LEDs has pushed the emission of these solid-state sources into the blue and ultraviolet and has enabled the production of white-light LEDs, promising benefits in terms of device lifetime and energy usage. For white-light...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Micromembrane Probe Improves Atomic Force Microscopy
A significant advance in atomic force microscopy (AFM) is at hand, thanks to a new type of probe that enables the acquisition of data on dynamic molecular interactions and the simultaneous collection of information about various material and surface...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Nanoscale Bow Ties Act as Optical Antennas
Researchers at Stanford University in California have used bow-tie-shaped optically resonant metallic structures to create resist features smaller than 30 nm using an 800-nm laser beam in a two-photon absorption process. The technique could have...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
PbTe Quantum Dots Assembled into Superlattices and Glassy Films
A team of investigators from IBM’s T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., Michigan State University in East Lansing and Columbia University in New York has developed techniques for the solution-phase synthesis of PbTe quantum dots...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Photonics Improves Sky Gazing
They may not physically go — boldly or otherwise — where no one has gone before, but astronomers often see what no one has seen before. Thanks to photonic innovations and techniques, the ability to uncover the secrets of the cosmos continues to...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Photopatterning Demonstrated for Nanocrystal-Based LEDs
Semiconductor nanocrystals have received attention for their potential in LEDs. Researchers have explored a variety of novel approaches for the assembly of the nanomaterials into a device structure. Now a group from Samsung Advanced Institute of...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Quantum Dot LEDs Incorporate Thermally Polymerized Hole Transport Layer
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots show promise for use in optoelectronic devices such as LEDs and solar cells. Now a group led by David S. Ginger and Alex K.-Y. Jen at the University of Washington in Seattle has fabricated multilayer nanocrystal...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Sensing Trace Gases with Quantum Cascade Lasers
Trace-gas sensing is a rapidly developing field, in demand for applications such as breath diagnostics, process and air-quality monitoring, atmospheric measurements, and security and surveillance. Quantum cascade lasers have dramatically affected...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
Tandem White-Light Organic LED Displays Gains in Luminance Efficiency
Exploring ways to produce white light from organic LEDs (OLEDs), researchers at National Chiao Tung University in Hsinchu, Taiwan, have found that stacking two emitters can yield a device with three times the luminance efficiency of a single unit....
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
ZnO-Based Blue-Violet LEDs Fabricated on Sapphire
inc oxide has been investigated as a green fluorescent material for many years. Now researchers are looking at it for use in UV and blue emitters. It offers thermal stability and resists chemical attack and oxidation, and its exciton binding energy...
Photonics Spectra, April 2006
A New Architecture for Commercial Telecommunications Networks
Over the past two decades, telecommunications operators worldwide have deployed fiber optic networks with progressively larger bandwidth capacities. Two of the most significant innovations in these networks in the 1990s were dense wavelength...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Faster-Firing Lasers Yield Faster Mass Spectrograms
Exploiting advances in laser technology, researchers at Northeastern University’s Barnett Institute in Boston boosted the speed of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Maldi-Tof) instrument tenfold. That...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Femtosecond Near-IR Cr:Forsterite Laser Employed in Multiphoton Microscopy
Scientists at Osaka University in Toyonaka and Suita, Japan, have developed a multiphoton fluorescence microscope that uses a Cr:forsterite laser as a near-infrared excitation source. They propose that such microscopes will be useful for the imaging...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Finding the Right Material to Resist UV-Generated Transmission Losses in LED Packaging
Dramatic improvements in the performance of LEDs have placed fresh demands on the encapsulation materials used to package these devices. Advances in LED operating efficiencies and output performance have resulted in single devices that can produce...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
InGaAs Cameras See Deeper into Biological Tissue
Investigators from the Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, both at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, have demonstrated a full-field optical coherence microscopy system that employs an InGaAs camera. The setup offers...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
IR Spectroscopic Techniques Probe Organic Field Effect Transistors
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, in La Jolla, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., have employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
Multicolor Nanoparticles Excited with Single Wavelength
Scientists at the University of Florida in Gainesville have demonstrated that single-wavelength excitation can be used to produce multiple emission signatures from silica nanoparticles labeled with dye. The approach may be suitable for in vivo...
Photonics Spectra, March 2006
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