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Research & Technology News
Laser-Chilled Atoms Sit for Ultrafast Portrait
May 1, 1997 — Physicists from the University of Michigan recently fired 70-fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser to control the random movements of atoms in a potassium-tantalite crystal. The laser was split in two beams, with one arriving at the crystal target a few picoseconds after the first. The first pulse created pairs of phonons -- "squeezed" particles of vibrational energy -- that scattered the second, weaker pulse as it passed through the crystal. By measuring the energy that continued through the...
Multibeam Technique Improves Eye Surgery, Machining
May 1, 1997 — WERMELSKIRCHEN, Germany -- Many excimer laser beams are better than just one, at least for laser eye surgery and for precise laser machining, according to the scientists who developed a new excimer laser technique.Surgeons can correct many vision...
Sapphire Could Become Interferometry's Crowning Jewel
May 1, 1997 — NEDLANDS, Australia -- The gemology community considers sapphire to be one of the most precious stones on Earth, and researchers believe that the blue crystals' use as beamsplitters in laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors could be just...
Silver 'Mirrors' Reflect Single Molecule's Wild Dance
May 1, 1997 — Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered a way to identify the structure of a single molecule, knowledge that could prove invaluable for biomedical applications such as human gene analysis. The method,...
Spectroscopy Gauges Blast Potential
May 1, 1997 — ATLANTA -- When FBI agents rush into the hideouts of terrorist groups, they often find jars of chemicals that could be explosive. Some explosives are so dangerous that they would be downright deadly under even the gentlest of jostling, so carrying...
Ti:sapphire Laser Amplifier Produces 5 W Average Power
May 1, 1997 — Scientists from Quantronix Corp. and the City University of New York's Center for Advanced Technology have developed a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser amplifier system that generates an average power output of 5 W. The Titan comprises a regenerative...
'Bug Eyes' Offer Potential for Collision Warning
Apr 1, 1997 — ADELAIDE, Australia -- Austrailian researchers at the Centre for High Performance Integrated Technologies and Systems at the University of Adelaide have developed a decision-making optical sensor on a single- chip system with a little inspiration...
Aluminum-Free Diodes Offer Doubled Power Potential
Apr 1, 1997 — Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Coherent Inc. have produced diode lasers with aluminum-free active areas, which they expect will operate more reliably than AlGaAs-active diodes and will provide roughly twice the power. Writing...
Cameras, Infrared Sensors Nab California Toll Cheaters
Apr 1, 1997 — Four of the 12 tollbooths on the Interstate 80 Carquinez Bridge in Northern California are using photonics technology to catch drivers who do not pay the toll. Caltrans is testing a new automatic toll-collection system that recognizes transponders...
Design Breakthrough Improves Lossy Confocal Microscopes
Apr 1, 1997 — OXFORD, UK -- Engineers at the University of Oxford have discovered a way to get up to 50 times the light efficiency from confocal microscope systems that currently employ a component called a Nipkow disc. By replacing the Nipkow disc with a...
High-Power Quantum Cascade Laser Works, Chilled, in the IR
Apr 1, 1997 — Researchers at the University of Houston's Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center and Sandia National Laboratories have developed high-power infrared semiconductor lasers that combine standard diode laser and quantum cascade laser technologies. The research...
Infrared Device Measures Wave Temperatures, Dude
Apr 1, 1997 — SAN DIEGO -- If surfers here want a sure-fire way to find the "hottest" waves, they might do well to adopt a technique from the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory in Seattle. Scientists are using an infrared imager to measure the...
Intensified CCDs Detect Single-Photon Emission
Apr 1, 1997 — TRENTON, N.J. -- The new generation of high-resolution, back-illuminated intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras will allow scientists to directly study the processes that regulate individual molecules, expanding the bodies of knowledge in...
Israeli Conference Marks Industry's Anniversary
Apr 1, 1997 — JERUSALEM -- A glimpse into the future by the laser's discoverer and a retrospective on the development of holography highlighted the 10th Meeting on Optical Engineering held last month at Jerusalem's International Convention Center. Keynote...
Laser Microscopy Technique Reduces Sample Damage
Apr 1, 1997 — SAN JOSE, Calif. -- Breakthroughs in a relatively new laser-based microscopy technique have produced high-resolution images of living specimens with relatively little photodamage. The less harmful nature of the infrared light it uses makes the...
Measurement System Ensures that Black Is Black on Displays
Apr 1, 1997 — Conventional techniques of assessing contrast in displays fall short and often vary depending on reflections that caused "veiling glare" in the measurement device's optical system. Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology...
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy Measures Diode Beam Properties
Apr 1, 1997 — Astigmatism is a problem for laser diodes, and even after applying correctional optics, residual astigmatism (a few microns) remains because of laser-to-laser variations. In addition, temperature and pump current variations may affect astigmatism...
Optical Sensor Keeps Tabs on Rocket Fuel
Apr 1, 1997 — MARLY-LE ROI, France -- Bigger is not always better -- especially when you are building rockets. A new optic sensor under development in France could provide flight engineers with the first pressure readings from inside the liquid gas fuel tanks...
Photonics Eyed To Cut Light Bills
Apr 1, 1997 — OAK RIDGE, Tenn. -- Using collectors to gather sunlight and optical waveguides to transport the light, researchers at the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have put together the first pieces of a hybrid lighting system that...
Side-Pumping Diodes Mean More Power for Materials Processing
Apr 1, 1997 — SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- A novel technology in which a side-pumped laser diode drives a solid-state laser source could mean more power and greater precision for materials processing applications, say the scientists who developed it. Use of diode lasers...
French Navy Looks at Optical Sensors to Avoid Electromagnetic Pulses
Mar 1, 1997 — Photonetics SA and the Direction des Constructions Navales are making final tests on a wide range of optical sensors and systems to prove that optical networks are the way to go. Using silicon wafers, glass plates and fiber optics, the French Navy...
MCI Tests Wavelength Division Multiplexing System
Mar 1, 1997 — In an effort to increase the capacity of its existing fiber plant, telecommunications giant MCI has launched what it calls the first real-world combination of a 10-Gb/s OC-192 networking system and wavelength division multiplexing on 60 circuits...
Micro- and Nanosatellites Could Populate New Earth-Orbit Constellations
Mar 1, 1997 — A team of researchers from The Aerospace Corp., led by I.L. Helvajian, hopes developments in laser machining will allow space agencies and communications companies to produce satellites with diameters under 15 cm, the same way hardware manufacturers...
NASA Detector Could Help Prevent Gas Explosions
Mar 1, 1997 — Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed an optical flameout detection system for monitoring the combustor in the research center's propulsion test air tunnel. The fast-responding (less than 100 ms) detection process monitors light...
Optical Imaging Sheds Light on Brain Function
Mar 1, 1997 — Britton Chance of the University of Pennsylvania presented his work on functional near-infrared imaging of brain activity using 760- and 860-nm light from a phased array image system. Chance's team scanned the brains of college students while they...
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