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Photonic Quasicrystals Studied Experimentally
Jun 1, 2006 — Scientists in Israel and in the US have experimentally investigated the optical properties of nonlinear photonic quasicrystals, two-dimensional structures with long-range order but no periodicity. The results may offer insights into various fundamental physical phenomena involving quasiperiodic structures. In the work, which they reported in the April 27 issue of Nature, the researchers from Technion — Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Tel Aviv University, the University of Central...
Short Photonic Crystal Fiber Shows Promise for High-Peak-Power Pulse Generation
Jun 1, 2006 — Photonic crystal fiber enables designers to avoid several of the problems inherent with conventional fiber. In particular, the chief limitation on the power achievable with fiber lasers involves nonlinear effects whose onset scales with the product...
Bar Codes Are Fabricated on the Microscale
May 1, 2006 — Researchers at the University of Southampton in the UK have taken the familiar bar code to an extreme. They have developed diffraction-based bar codes up to 100 µm in length and only a few microns wide that can be read without contact, in a manner...
Compact Solid-State Source Generates 600 mW at 488 nm
May 1, 2006 — In the decades since the first 488nm argon-ion laser was marketed by Spectra-Physics, a multibillion-dollar instrumentation market has grown around that wavelength. Flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, confocal microscopy and other analytical medical...
Diamond Heat Spreader Facilitates VECSEL’s Room-Temperature Operation
May 1, 2006 — The circular Gaussian beam of a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) is more useful in numerous applications than the elliptical, nonsymmetrical beam emitted by edge-emitting lasers. The external-cavity design — with the output...
Fiber Laser Emits Microjoules in Femtosecond Pulses
May 1, 2006 — Fiber lasers are well-known for their excellent heat dissipation and ruggedness, although stable, mode-locked operation of high-average-power fiber lasers has not been readily obtained. But the output of such lasers — stable, ultrashort pulses with...
Hybrid’ Bulk/Fiber Lasers Provide Best of Both Worlds
May 1, 2006 — A new word is working its way into the laser lexicon: hybrid. Although the word has several connotations in the English language, the new usage applies to conventional bulk solid-state lasers (i.e., those with laser rods) that are pumped efficiently...
Microfluidic Dye Laser Generates Two Coaxial Wavelengths
May 1, 2006 — The lab-on-a-chip concept entails integrating the components of one or more analytic instruments on a single, monolithic chip. Such devices are of enormous value in chemical — and, especially, biological and medical — analysis. They are portable,...
Mode-Locked Parametric Oscillator Produces 700-ps Pulses
May 1, 2006 — Until the development of periodically poled nonlinear crystals with high, broadband parametric gain, mode-locking an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was an unlikely proposition at best. Recently, however, a collaboration among several...
Star-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized
May 1, 2006 — By modifying the synthesis protocol for gold nanorods, scientists at Rice University in Houston have produced gold particles 100 nm across with multiple tips that display multidirectional polarized scattering characteristics and a high dielectric...
Thermal Gradient in Microfluidic Channel Creates a Waveguide
May 1, 2006 — Microfluidic devices — tiny fluid-flow systems with channels less than a millimeter wide — have become increasingly useful in biological and metrological applications. Much of their success stems from the fact that, like microelectronics,...
GTRI to Open Institute in Ireland
Apr 6, 2006 — The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), the applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology, will establish its first research facility outside of the US -- in Athlone, Ireland -- to focus on digital media, radio frequency...
Alkali-Vapor Laser Multiplies Brightness of Diode Array
Apr 1, 2006 — Since the invention of the laser, one of its chief drawbacks has been low wall-plug efficiency. Nonetheless, early argon-ion and diffraction-limited Nd:YAG lasers, whose efficiencies seldom exceeded 10–3, were successful in some commercial...
Alternative Studied for Sensitizing TiO2 to Visible Light
Apr 1, 2006 — To truly enable a transition to a global industrial system based on hydrogen rather than on fossil fuels will require the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly means of extracting hydrogen from feedstocks such as water. One...
Erbium Host Offers High Doping Levels, Flat Gain
Apr 1, 2006 — Researchers at the Universities of Nottingham and Sheffield in the UK and at Universidad de La Laguna on the island of Tenerife in Spain are investigating a new class of material as an erbium host for telecommunications applications. The material,...
Fiber Preforms Fabricated by ‘Core Suction’
Apr 1, 2006 — Adding to the variety of techniques for fabrication of optical fibers, scientists at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg and at Fisk University in Nashville, Tenn., have developed a method they call “core suction.” The...
Frequency-Doubled Diode Laser Emits More Than 100 mW of Green Light
Apr 1, 2006 — In yet another approach to dethroning the diode-pumped, frequency-doubled solid-state laser athe dominant design for rugged and efficient visible lasers (see previous article), scientists at Corning Inc. in Corning, N.Y., have explored directly...
High-Speed Particle Tracking Probes Turbulent Flows
Apr 1, 2006 — Scientists in the US and Europe have used a high-speed optical particle tracking technique to monitor how particle pairs separate and diffuse in highly turbulent fluid media. The work promises to improve models of phenomena as varied as the spread...
Laser Effect Used to Detect Particles in Suspension
Apr 1, 2006 — A team at Tokai University in Hiratsuka and Shizuoka, Japan, and from National Kaohsiung Normal University in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, has demonstrated that the intensity modulation in a laser can be used to estimate the size and concentration of organic...
Low-Cost Spectrometer Incorporates Spherical Beam Volume Hologram
Apr 1, 2006 — By exploiting a spherical beam volume hologram, researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta have devised an inexpensive spectrometer without sacrificing resolution. Ali Adibi, an associate professor in the School of Electrical and...
Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Oscillator Generates Multiwatt Output
Apr 1, 2006 — Laser users requiring multiwatt outputs from mode-locked lasers have been forced to resort to bulk lasers (i.e., those based on rods or slabs) or on complex and expensive master oscillator power amplifier fiber configurations. Recently, however,...
Nanorods Form Thin Films with Ultralow Refractive Index
Apr 1, 2006 — Devices based on interference from alternating layers of high- and low-index materials are ubiquitous in today’s photonics technology. Laser mirrors, antireflection coatings, fiber Bragg gratings and photonic bandgap fibers all employ the same basic...
Single-Photon Detectors Achieve 57 Percent Efficiency
Apr 1, 2006 — Researchers at MIT in Cambridge, Mass., at its Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Mass., and at Moscow State Pedagogical University have improved the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors at 1550 nm from 17 percent...
Thin Layers of GaN Deposited on Synthetic Diamond Substrates
Apr 1, 2006 — Besides being a girl’s best friend, diamonds could be a pretty good pal of ultrabright LEDs and laser diodes — provided a new material from Group4 Labs LLC of Menlo Park, Calif., is used successfully in products. The company has devised a way to...
Up-Conversion Laser Produces Nearly 1 W
Apr 1, 2006 — Intracavity frequency doubling of diode-pumped solid-state lasers has been for many years the favored approach to creating solid-state lasers with visible outputs. Dozens of commercial products are on the market, with applications such as medical...

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