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Research & Technology News

The Color Purple: It Takes Three Photons
Aug 1, 2006 — Radiation in the violet and ultraviolet wavelength ranges is important for photolithography and fluorescence imaging, for future methods of three-dimensional optical storage and for other applications. There are several with which to generate this short-wavelength radiation, including excimer lasers and complex combinations of nonlinear techniques such as harmonic generation and parametric oscillation. Recently, investigators at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and at Shanghai Jiao-Tong...
Study to Examine How Headlight Glare Affects Drivers, Road Safety
Jul 25, 2006 — Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s Lighting Research Center (LRC) in Troy, N.Y., has received a two-year, $890,012 award from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) to further their research in the causes and effects of...
ILX Offers Free Laser Reliability Tool
Jul 6, 2006 — ILX Lightwave, a Bozeman, Mont., developer of laser diode instrumentation and test systems for research, development and manufacturing, is offering version 2.01 of its Laser Reliability Workbook, free Excel-based software to analyze and plot laser...
Adaptive Lens Employs Liquid Crystal
Jul 1, 2006 — Researchers at the University of Central Florida in Orlando have constructed a tunable-focus lens by using an electric field to vary the concentration of a liquid crystal material, which creates a gradient in refractive index. The redistribution...
Continuous-Wave Solid-State Dye Laser Is Demonstrated
Jul 1, 2006 — Dye lasers have been around since the 1970s and have been instrumental in many applications, especially spectroscopy and medicine. But they are complex devices, requiring bulky pumps and tubing to circulate the liquid dye through the system. A...
Helium Is Good for Silicon Lasers
Jul 1, 2006 — Recently, several research groups demonstrated Raman lasers in silicon, perhaps bringing the union of photonics and microelectronics one step closer. To perform these experiments, however, they have had to employ complex techniques to avoid...
IR Radiation Breaks Si-H Vibrational Stretch Mode
Jul 1, 2006 — Scientists from the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis and from Vanderbilt University in Nashville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, both in Tennessee, have achieved the room-temperature photodesorption of hydrogen from a Si(111) surface using...
Liquid Deformable Mirror Promises Fast Wavefront Correction
Jul 1, 2006 — Deformable mirrors offer the possibility of compensating for atmospheric optical distortion, an important function both for astronomy and for directed-energy military applications. Conventional deformable mirrors, which rely on the bending and...
Measuring 3-D Semiconductor Packaging
Jul 1, 2006 — Since the early 1900s, science and industry professionals have been using optical measurement and inspection for a clearer view of their products for research, development and manufacturing. These techniques of observing, measuring and analyzing...
Metamaterials May Be Used to Make Objects Invisible
Jul 1, 2006 — Sir John B. Pendry of Imperial College London and collaborators David R. Smith and David Schurig of Duke University in Durham, N.C., and Ulf Leonhardt of the University of St. Andrews in the UK have independently calculated that metamaterials can be...
Microcavity Is Sensitive Detector for Heavy Water
Jul 1, 2006 — Researchers at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have demonstrated a technique for detecting heavy water (D2O) that is 30 times more sensitive than the best competing approach. They fashioned a tiny optical microresonator from silica...
New Ytterbium Host Offers Efficiency and Tunability
Jul 1, 2006 — The broad absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium, together with its small quantum defect, make it an ideal laser dopant — in many ways, it is superior to the quintessential veteran, neodymium. The chief drawback of ytterbium is the small...
Passivated Carbon Nanoparticles Show Promise for Multiplexed Biolabeling
Jul 1, 2006 — Although semiconductor quantum dots have shown promise as bright fluorescent labels, concerns about their toxicity remain, particularly for biological uses. Now a group of scientists at Clemson University in South Carolina has demonstrated that...
Photonic Bandgap Fiber Forces a Weak Line to Lase
Jul 1, 2006 — Both the fundamental wavelength of the neodymium 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 transition (890 to 950 nm) and its second harmonic have applications in spectroscopy, and the harmonic also is useful in displays and medical sensing. Quasi-phase matching makes it...
Picosecond Fiber Laser Breaks 100-W Barrier
Jul 1, 2006 — Fiber lasers already have proved capable of remarkable continuous-wave performance, generating more than 1 kW with excellent beam quality. Scientists at the University of Southampton and at Southampton Photonics in the UK now have shown that fiber...
Superconducting Detector Collects Terahertz Radiation
Jul 1, 2006 — Detecting terahertz radiation is a chore. Terahertz waves are of interest for a variety of imaging applications because they do not interact strongly with many materials, but if they are not absorbed, they cannot be detected. Now researchers in...
Waveguide Generates and Modulates Second Harmonic
Jul 1, 2006 — Researchers at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan, have analyzed and demonstrated a quasi-phase-matched lithium-niobate waveguide that incorporates an integrated electro-optic modulator. The compact, monolithic device could find applications in...
Ceramic Nd:YAG Laser Generates 144 W
Jun 1, 2006 — Ceramic laser materials may enable the development of significantly less expensive lasers because the noncrystalline hosts can be fabricated much more quickly and simply than traditional crystalline laser materials. Moreover, because a ceramic laser...
Compact Solid-State Laser Generates 4.6 W at 457 nm
Jun 1, 2006 — A major stumbling block on the way to laser displays is the lack of a compact, efficient blue source. Compact blue lasers also are valuable for medical diagnostics and optical storage and in the military for underwater communication. Recently,...
Compact Solid-State Source Is Tunable from Green to Red
Jun 1, 2006 — Tunable femtosecond pulses in the visible spectral region are valuable in numerous applications, including spectroscopy, frequency metrology and confocal microscopy, but the lasers that produce these pulses tend to be bulky, temperamental and...
Laser Technique Accurately Measures Turbine Tip Clearance
Jun 1, 2006 — The clearance between a turbine blade and its housing is critical to the machine’s performance. Too large a spacing results in detrimental leakages, but contact between the blade and housing could destroy the machine. Because the spacing varies with...
Liquid Crystal Lenses May Replace Bifocals
Jun 1, 2006 — By age 50, some people notice that their arms have become too short to hold a newspaper or book where they can read it. That’s a consequence of presbyopia, an age-related inability of the eye to focus on nearby objects. Common solutions include the...
Noise Links Digital Images to Camera
Jun 1, 2006 — Digital forensics has taken a step forward, thanks to a technique developed at State University of New York at Binghamton. A group of researchers led by Jessica Fridrich, associate professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering,...
Phase Mask Increases Depth of Focus
Jun 1, 2006 — Anyone who has taken a picture with a camera only to find some features out of focus will appreciate the recent efforts of a team from Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan and from Tel Aviv University, both in Israel. The group has increased the depth...
Photonic Crystal Improves IR Sensor Performance
Jun 1, 2006 — Scientists at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque and at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have reported that the addition of a two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal to a quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetector...

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