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Research & Technology News

Focusing from Infinity to Here, Almost
Jan 1, 2007 — What do cell phone camera users and eyeglass wearers have in common? Both could benefit from recent work by research scientist Hongwen Ren and optics professor Shin-Tson Wu of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, who are developing an adaptive liquid crystal lens that can change focal length quickly on command. They recently produced a 6-mm-aperture lens with a focal length that can be changed from infinity to about 96 cm in 1 s. A schematic shows the basic structure of a liquid...
Laser Ablation Technique Reveals Ancient Dietary Behaviors
Jan 1, 2007 — Paranthropus robustus, a hominin that existed ~1.8 million years ago, has been thought to have followed a fixed diet. Recently, researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Utah at Salt Lake City, Texas A&M...
Mode-Locked Raman Fiber Laser Reaches 100 GHz
Jan 1, 2007 — Many applications — from telecommunications to ultrafast spectroscopy — require short-pulsed lasers with high repetition rates and high average powers. Passively mode-locked Raman lasers are natural candidates for these applications for two reasons:...
Neodymium Vanadate Lasers Get Even Better
Jan 1, 2007 — Neodymium vanadate lasers have found broad acceptance in materials processing, displays and other applications as a result of their high gain, polarized output and high optical efficiency. Recently, scientists at Technische Universität...
Searching for the Source of Stradivari’s Sublime Sound
Jan 1, 2007 — Musicians and listeners alike have debated for centuries why instruments crafted by Italian master Antonio Stradivari have such a sublime sound. Modern technology may at last have found the answer. Researchers used solid-state nuclear magnetic...
Tiny Dichroic Mirror Can Boost Frequency-Doubling Efficiency
Jan 1, 2007 — The second-harmonic conversion efficiency of gallium arsenide can be several times as great as that of conventional nonlinear crystals such as lithium niobate. Moreover, because semiconductor lasers also can be fabricated from the material, the...
Triplexer Fabricated in Silicon-on-Insulator Chip
Jan 1, 2007 — Bidirectional transceivers — devices that simultaneously receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing ones — are a crucial component of any passive optical network (PON), and this type of network is the fastest growing technology in the telecom...
White Light-Emitting Fluorophore Has Solid-State Applications
Jan 1, 2007 — White light emitted from displays is traditionally made by mixing red, green and blue light, but a novel class of fluorophores that radiate white light could one day provide another source, especially via LEDs. Robert M. Strongin and colleagues...
Wrinkles Improve Fiber Optic Strain Sensor
Jan 1, 2007 — Fiber sensors are excellent detectors of both strain and temperature — and that can be a problem. They respond to both environmental variables, making it difficult to tell which one is changing. To compensate, fiber optic strain sensors often are...
Ytterbium-Phosphate Fiber Laser Reaches New Power
Jan 1, 2007 — Conventional silica-fiber lasers are encountering several roadblocks — stimulated Brillouin scattering and photodarkening are among the most serious — as investigators push their single-mode power upward to the kilowatt level. Phosphate fibers may...
Nanotech Benefits Outweigh Risks for Consumers
HOUSTON, Texas, Dec. 7, 2006 -- US consumers are willing to use specific nano-containing products -- even if there are health and safety risks -- when the potential benefits are high, according to the largest and most comprehensive survey of the public's perceptions of...
Assembly Technique Leads to Thermally
Responsive Microlens Arrays
Dec 1, 2006 — A team of researchers from China and Japan has developed a technique to assemble thermally responsive microlens arrays that is suitable for mass production. The one-step technique encapsulates poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) for fabrication...
Bragg Gratings Enable Efficient Phosphate Glass Fiber Lasers
Dec 1, 2006 — Although silica glass is the material of choice for nearly all of today’s fiber lasers, the rare-earth doping level that can be achieved in silica glass is a significant limitation to its performance in lasers, especially in pulsed lasers. Fibers...
Generator Launches Selected Mode into Multimode Waveguide
Dec 1, 2006 — Although large amounts of “dark fiber” — that is, unused fiber cables laid across cities, nations and oceans — still exist in the world today, the demand for capacity is constantly increasing. To satisfy this demand, telecom scientists are searching...
Grating Restricts Fiber Laser to Four Closely Spaced Lines
Dec 1, 2006 — Wavelength-switchable fiber lasers are required for flexible dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) networks, as well as for many fiber optic sensing systems and for spectroscopic studies. Although researchers at several laboratories have...
Inclinometer Shows Versatility of Fiber Optic Sensors
Dec 1, 2006 — There are a multitude of techniques with which to measure temperature, strain, pressure and other parameters with fiber optic sensors. In yet another example of the versatility of optical fibers as measurement devices, a collaboration of scientists...
Light Alters Film’s Degree of Wetness
Dec 1, 2006 — Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology in South Korea have developed a film that can become wet or dry upon exposure to different wavelengths of light. Eventually, it could serve as a biosensor, a microfluidic device or an...
Lighting the World with a Smile
Dec 1, 2006 — According to researchers in Germany, teeth may provide more than just a smile that helps gain friends and influence enemies. Instead, the structure of these dental fixtures could lead to the development of solar collectors that function under...
Noninvasive Time-Lapse Fluorescence Imaging Captures Colloid Transport
Dec 1, 2006 — Colloidal suspensions consist of nanometer- to micron-size particles dispersed in liquid or gas. Examples include smoke, milk and ink as well as living cells in biological fluids. In everyday environments, colloidal suspensions typically are not...
Output Beam from Fiber Laser Is Radially Polarized
Dec 1, 2006 — A radially polarized laser beam, in which the electrical field is always along a line from the center, like the hands on a clock, is useful in particle trapping and acceleration, as well as in high-resolution microscopy. Researchers have previously...
Photonic Crystal Fiber Proposed for Telecom Dispersion Compensation
Dec 1, 2006 — One strength of photonic crystal fiber is its flexibility to be designed with desirable optical characteristics. A photonic crystal fiber’s dispersion, in particular, can be adjusted by modifying its geometrical design; therefore, the fibers seem to...
Sending Secrets Securely
Dec 1, 2006 — If you want to tell a secret, it is best to whisper. However, your secret is safer when people nearby are talking loudly. That is the basis for a secure communication technique developed by Bernard B. Wu and Evgenii E. Narimanov, both of Princeton...
Structural and Photonic Properties of Butterfly Wings Replicated
Dec 1, 2006 — The wings of the Morpho Peleides butterfly may not affect weather patterns across the world, but researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, have discovered that they may influence the...
Germany, Korea Partner for Optoelectronics Research Training
Nov 3, 2006 — The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) announced yesterday the opening of the International Research Training Group "Self-Organized Materials for...
A Flexible Display with the Blues
Nov 1, 2006 — A group of researchers at the University of Central Florida in Orlando is not feeling blue, even though its displays are. By inducing a controllable blueshift in a thin film, it successfully fabricated a flexible display that can be wrapped around a...

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