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(9,094 items)
Research & Technology News
Mid-IR Fiber Laser Achieves ~10 W
Feb 1, 2007 — Lasers in the mid-infrared spectral region — often described as the wavelength range between 3 and 30 μm — are very useful in molecular spectroscopy because many molecules have unique spectral signatures in that region. With sufficient power, such lasers are also very attractive as optical pumps for lasers operating at even longer wavelengths and as laser-surgical scalpels with extremely high (micron scale) resolution. In addition, in the noncommercial world, mid-infrared lasers are...
Nonlinear Susceptibility in Glass Points to Integrated Devices
Feb 1, 2007 — Amorphous glasses can exhibit second-order susceptibilities if the material’s inversion symmetry is broken by treatments such as poling or electron-beam irradiation. Recent experiments have shown that chalcohalide glasses, in particular, may have...
Optical Fiber Sensors Detect Cryogenic Hydrogen
Feb 1, 2007 — The low flammability limit and ignition energy of molecular hydrogen make it an ideal fuel source for rocket engines. However, these combustion properties also are a risk to human safety and call for a mechanism to detect low concentrations of...
Polarizer Converts Arbitrary Beam to Radial or Azimuthal Polarization
Feb 1, 2007 — Radially or azimuthally polarized light can be useful in high-resolution photolithography, in coupling into hollow-core fibers and in other applications. Scientists in several laboratories have designed intracavity devices to generate radially or...
Research Points to Cr:LiSAF Laser Improvements
Feb 1, 2007 — Chromium-doped lithium strontium aluminum fluoride (Cr3+:LiSrAlF6) lasers have many promising characteristics, including a long spontaneous lifetime and a wide spectral emission range. But the crystal’s poor thermal conductivity has limited the...
Roughing Up Silicon Improves Near-Infrared Performance
Feb 1, 2007 — Despite its electronic and visible spectrum prowess, silicon is an infrared weakling. Beyond 1100 nm, the material absorbs little radiation and, therefore, the response of silicon-based photodiodes fades to almost nothing. Now a research team...
Two VECSEL Chips Are Better than One
Feb 1, 2007 — Invoking a concept that dates from the early days of Nd:YAG lasers, when engineers aligned multiple laser rods in the same resonator, a collaboration between researchers in the US and Germany has demonstrated a technique of coherently combining the...
Vibrating Microsphere Q-Switches Fiber Laser
Feb 1, 2007 — Although the continuous-wave outputs of fiber lasers have already found numerous real-world applications, scientists and engineers have more recently begun exploring potential applications of these lasers’ pulsed-power outputs. Bulk acousto-optic...
Kodak, Sony End Digital Imaging Patent Fight
ROCHESTER, N.Y., Jan. 3 -- Eastman Kodak Co. and Sony Corp. of Japan today announced in separate statements that they have settled their patent fight over digital imaging technology dating back to 1987. Kodak filed suit against Sony back in March 2004 alleging violation of...
A Squirt of Water Writes Waveguides
Jan 1, 2007 — Photonic integrated circuits will surely replace electronic chips in the coming decades, and although simple versions have already entered the commercial mainstream and have earned their own acronyms, more complex and elegant devices exist only on...
Birefringent Fiber Enhances Fiber Optic Strain Sensor
Jan 1, 2007 — There are multiple solutions to the dilemma posed by a fiber sensor’s response to both temperature and strain (see Wrinkles Improve Fiber Optic Strain Sensor, page 27). For example, another recent experiment has shown that the contrasting responses...
Building a Better Infrared Detector
Jan 1, 2007 — If Robert Frost had been an optical engineer and not a poet, he might have said “good barriers make good detectors” upon seeing the work of Shimon Maimon and Gary W. Wicks of the University of Rochester in New York. The scientists have demonstrated...
Converging Complexity Challenges Educators to Prepare Tomorrow’s Innovators
Jan 1, 2007 — Although there is much publicity and debate in the US over the outsourcing of engineering jobs to countries that pay lower wages, the problem is the dearth of graduating engineers for those jobs.1 The challenge to US educators remains the same...
End-Pumping Fiber Amplifiers Made Easy
Jan 1, 2007 — A collaboration among Czech scientists has developed an approach to the end pumping of fiber amplifiers that, despite its need for an unusual fiber geometry, may significantly enhance the ruggedness and cost-effectiveness of the amplifiers in...
Focusing from Infinity to Here, Almost
Jan 1, 2007 — What do cell phone camera users and eyeglass wearers have in common? Both could benefit from recent work by research scientist Hongwen Ren and optics professor Shin-Tson Wu of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, who are developing an...
Laser Ablation Technique Reveals Ancient Dietary Behaviors
Jan 1, 2007 — Paranthropus robustus, a hominin that existed ~1.8 million years ago, has been thought to have followed a fixed diet. Recently, researchers from the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Utah at Salt Lake City, Texas A&M...
Mode-Locked Raman Fiber Laser Reaches 100 GHz
Jan 1, 2007 — Many applications — from telecommunications to ultrafast spectroscopy — require short-pulsed lasers with high repetition rates and high average powers. Passively mode-locked Raman lasers are natural candidates for these applications for two reasons:...
Neodymium Vanadate Lasers Get Even Better
Jan 1, 2007 — Neodymium vanadate lasers have found broad acceptance in materials processing, displays and other applications as a result of their high gain, polarized output and high optical efficiency. Recently, scientists at Technische Universität...
Searching for the Source of Stradivari’s Sublime Sound
Jan 1, 2007 — Musicians and listeners alike have debated for centuries why instruments crafted by Italian master Antonio Stradivari have such a sublime sound. Modern technology may at last have found the answer. Researchers used solid-state nuclear magnetic...
Tiny Dichroic Mirror Can Boost Frequency-Doubling Efficiency
Jan 1, 2007 — The second-harmonic conversion efficiency of gallium arsenide can be several times as great as that of conventional nonlinear crystals such as lithium niobate. Moreover, because semiconductor lasers also can be fabricated from the material, the...
Triplexer Fabricated in Silicon-on-Insulator Chip
Jan 1, 2007 — Bidirectional transceivers — devices that simultaneously receive incoming signals and transmit outgoing ones — are a crucial component of any passive optical network (PON), and this type of network is the fastest growing technology in the telecom...
White Light-Emitting Fluorophore Has Solid-State Applications
Jan 1, 2007 — White light emitted from displays is traditionally made by mixing red, green and blue light, but a novel class of fluorophores that radiate white light could one day provide another source, especially via LEDs. Robert M. Strongin and colleagues...
Wrinkles Improve Fiber Optic Strain Sensor
Jan 1, 2007 — Fiber sensors are excellent detectors of both strain and temperature — and that can be a problem. They respond to both environmental variables, making it difficult to tell which one is changing. To compensate, fiber optic strain sensors often are...
Ytterbium-Phosphate Fiber Laser Reaches New Power
Jan 1, 2007 — Conventional silica-fiber lasers are encountering several roadblocks — stimulated Brillouin scattering and photodarkening are among the most serious — as investigators push their single-mode power upward to the kilowatt level. Phosphate fibers may...
Nanotech Benefits Outweigh Risks for Consumers
HOUSTON, Texas, Dec. 7, 2006 -- US consumers are willing to use specific nano-containing products -- even if there are health and safety risks -- when the potential benefits are high, according to the largest and most comprehensive survey of the public's perceptions of...
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