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Research & Technology News
Natural Fiber Optic Plates
Jun 1, 2007 — A research team has discovered that cells in the retina of vertebrates function like fiber optic plates, yet the ways in which they differ from man-made materials could provide clues for building superior optical fibers and fiber optic plates. For example, these cells not only route light but also collect it, while occupying less space than artificial fiber optic cables. Researchers demonstrated that cells of the vertebrate retina called Müller cells are natural optical fibers that guide...
Optical Techniques Reveal Clues about Ancient ‘Comb Jelly’ Embryos
Jun 1, 2007 — The Meishucun assemblage of fossils in southwestern Shaanxi, China, documents the beginnings of the Cambrian explosion of animals roughly 540 million years ago — a period in which the diversity of skeletonized metazoans (multicellular animals that...
Reflection of Multilayered Surfaces Measured
Jun 1, 2007 — Beetles’ rigid forewings, called elytra, often display multilayered structures and iridescent metallic colors. As one might imagine, their refractive index proves hard to measure accurately. To help address this challenge, Joseph A. Noyes and...
Short Laser Pulses Facilitate Hybrid CARS Technique
Jun 1, 2007 — Although not a widespread disease, anthrax remains a central concern for many microbiologists because of its potential use as a bioweapon. Conventional spectroscopic methods, such as infrared absorbance and Raman, as well as surface-enhanced Raman...
Ultrafast Laser Achieves Quill-like Writing
Jun 1, 2007 — Lasers have been used for years to inscribe words and other designs. But things are starting to get a little fancy. By using ultrashort light pulses on transparent materials such as silica glass, researchers have achieved a calligraphic style of...
Can Laser Propulsion Stabilize Satellites?
May 1, 2007 — Laser-propelled spacecraft have been around in science-fiction comic books for years, but now an independent scientist has seriously proposed laser propulsion as a technique to stabilize rock-solid formations of spacecraft, thereby providing...
Generating High Green Power Without the ‘Green Problem’
May 1, 2007 — Intracavity frequency-doubled neodymium lasers are attractive sources of green power, which is useful in many materials-processing applications and as a pump for other lasers. However, the so-called “green problem” often introduces deleterious...
High-Gain and Low-Power ZnO Nanowire Photodetectors
May 1, 2007 — Zinc oxide (ZnO) is frequently used as an alternative to GaN in optoelectronics because of its low cost, ease of manufacturing and wide bandgap. The proliferation of ZnO nanowire devices such as optically pumped lasers, chemical and biological...
Making Fiber Act like a Pockels Cell
May 1, 2007 — Researchers at Acreo AB in Stockholm, Sweden, have recently demonstrated an all-fiber device that, like a Pockels cell, rotates the polarization of light passing through it when a voltage is applied. Although the physics is completely different —...
Molecular Machine Opens and Closes in Response to Light
May 1, 2007 — Equipped with tools that can manipulate single molecules, researchers may be able to construct molecular robotic devices for numerous applications. Although a number of groups have produced tools with such potential, until recently none had...
Outputs of Fiber Lasers Combined Coherently
May 1, 2007 — The largest barrier to increasing the power from fiber lasers is the onset of nonlinear effects and optical damage that result from high power density in the fiber core. An obvious solution is to increase the core diameter, thereby reducing the...
Quasi-Phase Matching Effective in Microring Resonator
May 1, 2007 — Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in crystals has evolved into a successful technique of avoiding the beam walk-off and degradation of beam quality associated with angular phase matching. Moreover, quasi-phase matching provides a...
Raman Laser Provides Unique Ultraviolet Wavelengths
May 1, 2007 — Ultraviolet lasers have many important applications in biohazard detection and environmental sensing, yet very few stable and robust ultraviolet lasers exist. The third and fourth harmonics of neodymium lasers (355 and 266 nm) are fairly easy to...
Sheep Horns Reveal Diet
May 1, 2007 — Jörg Feldmann, a professor of analytical chemistry at the University of Aberdeen in the UK, could someday look at your fingernails in much the same way he has already examined the horns of seaweed-eating sheep. He and his colleagues at the...
Single Longitudinal Mode Oscillates in Q-Switched Fiber Laser
May 1, 2007 — Q-switched fiber lasers are useful in many applications, including metrology and nonlinear frequency conversion (see, for example, “Two Q-Switched Fiber Lasers Generate Terahertz Radiation” on page 103). Recently, scientists at NP Photonics and at...
Sunglasses Developed with Adjustable Shade and Color
May 1, 2007 — Tired of fumbling to find the right eyewear to meet the ever-changing intensity of the sun? Having trouble finding a pair of shades to complement the latest fashion? Researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle may have come up with a...
Tapered Waveguide Answers Perplexing Question
May 1, 2007 — There are occasions in medicine — dentistry, in particular — when it is desirable to focus a laser beam to a small, intense spot some distance behind a small aperture. Root canal surgery is one example, and the treatment of dental caries is another....
Two Q-Switched Fiber Lasers Generate Terahertz Radiation
May 1, 2007 — Between the optical and radio-frequency wavelengths, there is that mysterious gap of terahertz radiation that has been widely ignored in the development of practical applications of electromagnetic fields. One of the reasons for the lack of...
Virtual Reality on a Vast and Vivid Scale
May 1, 2007 — The Virtual Reality Applications Center at Iowa State University in Ames has created what it claims is the highest resolution and most realistic virtual reality room — known as the C6 — in the world. Users are enveloped by the six-sided room,...
Why ‘Divide and Conquer’ Works in Photonics, Too
May 1, 2007 — Chirped-pulse amplification has become the tried-and-true technique for amplifying short laser pulses, whose peak intensity would damage the amplifying medium if the pulses were amplified directly. In chirped-pulse amplification, a short pulse is...
Ceramic Laser Boasts 82 Percent Slope Efficiency
Apr 1, 2007 — Most solid-state lasers — with the notable exceptions of glass and fiber lasers — are based on a rare-earth dopant in a crystalline host material. Over the past five years, polycrystalline ceramics have emerged as a viable alternative to the...
Changing Mid-Infrared Wavelengths in Milliseconds
Apr 1, 2007 — Because most molecules have unique vibrational spectra in the mid-infrared region (mid-IR is often defined as the region from 3 to 30 μm), spectroscopy in that region has many applications, from remote chemical sensing to biomedicine to...
Fabricating Integrated Optics with Tungstates
Apr 1, 2007 — Ytterbium-doped KY(WO4 )2 (also called double tungstate) is an excellent laser material because it has high emission and absorption cross sections as well as a small quantum defect when pumped at wavelengths readily available from diode lasers. The...
For Quantum Dots, One Laser Does Two Jobs
Apr 1, 2007 — To paraphrase an old saying, one researcher’s problem is another’s solution. That lesson has been reinforced by recent work by investigators from Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, from Paderborn University and from IFW...
Image Analysis, Aided by Artists
Apr 1, 2007 — Artists don’t see objects and scenes the way a camera lens does, and understanding how the best artists work could be useful in computerized image analysis, according to preliminary research by Charles M. Falco, a professor of optical sciences at...
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July 2024
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