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Lasers Features
Near-Field Technique Spectrally Maps Nanoparticles and Viruses
Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy produces high-resolution optical images by irradiating with a laser an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe in proximity to a sample to create a concentrated near-field spot of illumination at the apex of the probe. Standard metallized AFM probes have tip diameters of about 30 nm, so the incident electromagnetic field is concentrated into a spot much smaller than the diffraction limit. Researchers in Germany have exploited this effect in an...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Ultrasound Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
In his seminal paper1, Albert Einstein introduced the concept of stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation that led to the invention of masers and lasers. Ever since, there has been a propensity to regard stimulated and spontaneous emission...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
A New Look at Risley Prisms
With more and more applications requiring laser beams to be aimed at distant targets, such as for line-of-sight communications, aircraft-to-satellite secure communications, and laser weapons and countermeasures, there are increasing demands for...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
Innovative Technology Enables a New Architecture for the World’s Largest Laser
The world’s largest laser, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif., is 85 percent complete (Figure 1). When operational, its 192 ultraviolet beams will converge on a target filled with...
Photonics Spectra, June 2006
USB Improves Functions and Portability for Beam Profilers
In consumer products, the universal serial bus (USB) increases convenience and improves function, and it has enabled the widespread adoption of new technologies. For example, USB connectivity in digital cameras has helped to transform the PC into a...
Photonics Spectra, February 2006
Have Silicon Lasers Come of Age?
Compound semiconductors have long been the workhorse for light generation and amplification in optoelectronic devices, whereas silicon has been the de facto standard for electronic integrated circuits. Driven by the material’s cost advantage,...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Silicon Lasers Poised for Multiple Applications
It traditionally has been considered impossible to make a laser from silicon because it is an indirect bandgap semiconductor. Using a silicon waveguide fabricated with standard CMOS technology, Intel Corp. researchers recently demonstrated the first...
Photonics Spectra, November 2005
Building Better LEDs from the Bottom Up
An LED manufacturing technique that promises to enable the production of brighter and more efficient devices has been demonstrated by investigators from National Cheng Kung University in T’ai-nan and Wu-Feng Institute of Technology in Chia-i, both...
Photonics Spectra, September 2005
Excimer Laser Produces Nanobump Arrays
Two-dimensional arrays of 260-nm-diameter silicon bumps have been fabricated by exposing 1-μm-diameter polystyrene beads on silicon wafers to ultraviolet radiation from a KrF laser. Researchers at East China Normal University in Shanghai and at...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Raman Lasers Offer Power and Wavelength Versatility
Have you ever wanted to convert your laser to another color at the flick of a switch? Perhaps you are a dermatologist, wanting to quickly move from treating spider veins on the nose to acne or spots of hypopigmentation on sun-damaged cheeks. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Direct Pumping of Quantum Wells Improves Performance of Semiconductor Thin-Disk Lasers
When the thin-disk laser appeared on the scene more than a decade ago, it was the first solid-state laser capable of efficiently producing a high-optical-quality output in the multikilowatt range.1 Its principle is to use a very thin section of...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Photosensitive Polymer Takes a Near-Field Picture
Near-field optical phenomena have attracted attention because they promise to enable finer resolution in microscopy than is otherwise possible. Consequently, the optical near-fields of nanostructures have been a subject of both theoretical and...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Annular Bragg Resonators: Beyond the Limits of Total Internal Reflection
Circular resonators are key ingredients in the realization of many basic components for advanced optical communications systems. During the past decade, their application in numerous circular-resonator-based components such as lasers, filters,1...
Photonics Spectra, May 2005
In Laser Safety, Little Mistakes Can Have Big Consequences
One cannot help but wonder why laser eye accidents have not diminished in frequency as laser technology has matured over the years. Why have these injuries not been eradicated, like smallpox? Surely we understand the biological and psychological...
Photonics Spectra, March 2005
High-Power, High-Efficiency VCSELs Pursue the Goal
At Princeton Optronics Inc., we intend to meet the goals of the SHEDS program using vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). These devices differ from edge-emitting lasers in that their output beam is perpendicular to the top surface of the...
Photonics Spectra, February 2005
SHEDS, Part II
This month, we complete our report on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Super-High Efficiency Diode Sources (SHEDS) program. In the introduction to last month’s articles, we related that, although this program was undertaken for the...
Photonics Spectra, February 2005
Single-Chip Microsystem Cuts Atomic Force Microscopy Down to Size
Scanning relatively large samples with commercially available atomic force microscopes (AFM) often can be time-consuming because it is performed serially and because the scanning range is limited. Using lasers to detect cantilever deflection adds to...
Photonics Spectra, February 2005
Improving the Power Conversion Efficiency of Diode Lasers
The heart of a diode laser is the gain medium, known as the quantum well, which is buried inside a waveguide in the middle of a semiconductor junction. The quantum well has appropriately tailored energy levels such that an electric current through...
Photonics Spectra, January 2005
Modeling High-Power Solid-State Lasers
Unlike other contributors to the Super High Efficiency Diode Sources (SHEDS) program, we are not addressing the efficiency of semiconductor lasers in our laboratory at the University of Central Florida. Instead, we are mathematically modeling...
Photonics Spectra, January 2005
Optimizing and Stabilizing Diode Laser Spectral Parameters
The stated goal of the Super High Efficiency Diode Sources (SHEDS) program is to develop superefficient diode lasers, which, in turn, will lead to efficient, high-power solid-state lasers. The missing link between these two goals is the spectral...
Photonics Spectra, January 2005
Radically Asymmetric Wavelength-Stabilized Lasers Reduce Loss
As part of our ongoing involvement in the development of potentially industry-changing advanced technology, we at JDS Uniphase Corp. have been working since January 2004 on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Super High Efficiency Diode...
Photonics Spectra, January 2005
Transverse Bragg Resonance Lasers: A New Approach to Mode Control in Semiconductor Lasers
In the pursuit of a large-area, high-power diode laser that maintains efficient single-mode operation, we have proposed a device that lases in a fundamentally different manner, the transverse Bragg resonance mode. To date, our work has focused on...
Photonics Spectra, January 2005
'Wiring' Light with Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Shortly after the invention of the laser, researchers discovered that intense laser pulses can cause dielectric breakdown and structural change in materials. This generally was considered a nuisance, hindering both research and the development of...
Photonics Spectra, December 2004
Optically In-Well-Pumped VECSELs: An Attractive New Source in the Near-IR
Think fast: If you needed a wavelength-tunable laser with good beam quality in the near-infrared, what would you choose? A Ti:sapphire or a dye laser probably immediately springs to mind, but each has its drawbacks. For example, Ti:sapphire...
Photonics Spectra, November 2004
Laser Welding Penetrates the Plastics Market
Lasers seem the obvious choice for welding plastics: Their flexibility is second to none, and the quality of the weld is better than that achieved with most other techniques. Despite these and many other advantages, however, their penetration into...
Photonics Spectra, September 2004
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