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Research & Technology News

Lasers Used to Generate Electron Spin Currents
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., and EINDHOVEN, Netherlands, July 11, 2014 — Ultrashort laser pulses are being used to advance research into electron spin currents, a potential field for next-generation data storage. Electron spin, or angular momentum, is typically random and therefore produces no spin current, which is key to operating spintronic devices. Spin currents can be driven by differences in voltage across a structure, but two separate studies show this is not necessarily the only — or even the most efficient — method. Researchers at
Telescope Images Distant, Dim Dwarf Galaxies
NEW HAVEN, Conn., July 11, 2014 — A ground-based telescope recently helped discover seven distant dwarf galaxies that could contain clues to the evolution of galaxies and even dark matter.
Glass Lends Flexibility to Organic PVs
POTSDAM, Germany, July 10, 2014 — A new carrier substrate made from flexible, 100-µm-thin layers of glass better protects organic solar modules and could simplify their manufacture. A team from the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research is developing methods for...
New Optical Component Enhances Augmented Reality Devices
LONDON, July 10, 2014 — A novel optical component could transform wearable augmented-reality and display devices. TruLife Optics Ltd. developed the component in conjunction with the National Physical Laboratory in London. The 2-mm-thick optic incorporates two holograms and...
Penn Researchers Get $8M to Study Effects of PDT on Lung Cancer
PHILADELPHIA, July 10, 2014 — An $8 million grant from the National Cancer Institute will fund a four-year study of the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a rare lung cancer associated with asbestos. The study, involving 102 patients diagnosed with malignant pleural...
‘Metamirror’ Doubles Incident Light Frequency
AUSTIN, Texas, July 8, 2014 — A nanostructure produces nonlinear effects a million times greater than traditional, macro-scale nonlinear crystals, according to a team of researchers from Texas and Germany. This “metamirror” could enable miniaturized laser systems and...
‘Nanojuice’ Aids Intestinal Imaging
BUFFALO, N.Y., July 8, 2014 — A cocktail of fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles could aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal ailments. Researchers at the University at Buffalo say their “nanojuice” enables detailed images of the small intestines in mice when used in...
Microlens Developers Awarded Kingslake Medal
BELLINGHAM, Wash., July 8, 2014 — Wei Zhang of the National University of Singapore and Hans Zappe and Andreas Seifert of the University of Freiburg in Germany have been awarded the Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize for their work on tunable liquid-filled microlenses. Their 2013...
New Optogenetic Tool Controls Neuronal Signaling
DAEJEON, South Korea, July 8, 2014 — New optogenetics technology allows scientists to remotely control specific neurons with blue light. A team from the Institute for Basic Research has developed the genetically encoded, photoactive tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) technology, called...
Process Combines Arc, Laser Welding
HANNOVER, Germany, July 8, 2014 — A new hybrid laser welding technique could reduce processing time and costs associated with manufacturing tanks and pipelines for liquid gas. Developed at Laser Zentrum Hannover eV (LZH), the approach teams a 16 kW solid-state disk laser with two...
Light-Activated Receptors Offer Cell Control
KLOSTERNEUBURG, Austria, and VIENNA, July 7, 2014 — Controlling the behavior of cells — including cancers — with light is now possible with engineered cell receptors. To accomplish this, researchers from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria and the Medical University of Vienna...
Novel Photodetector Made from Zinc Nanostructure
BEIJING, July 7, 2014 — A nanoporous structure is laying the groundwork for a new type of photodetector. A team from the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting at the China University of Petroleum has developed the new photodetector, made for...
Compressive Imaging Unscrambles Light
CASTELLON, Spain, and VALENCIA, Spain, July 3, 2014 — A new compressive optical sensing technique conquers light scattering limitations of biological tissue, allowing a deeper look inside the body. Developed by a team from Jaume I University (UJI) and the University of Valencia, a single-pixel optical...
Hollow Core Protects Optical Fibers from UV Light
ERLANGEN, Germany, and BRAUNSCHWEIG, Germany, July 3, 2014 — A new type of optical fiber can guide UV laser light without sustaining damage, as often happens with conventional fibers. Developed by a team from the Max Planck Institute and the Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST) at...
Isaac Newton Medal Awarded to Laser Cooling Researcher
LONDON, July 3, 2014 — Dr. Deborah Jin has been recognized with the Institute of Physics’ Isaac Newton medal for her work on laser-cooled atoms. A researcher at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in Boulder, Colo., Jin works with ultra-cold Fermi gases....
Researchers Probe Inner Workings of Solar Panels
MONTREAL, July 3, 2014 — Using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), scientists now understand the inner workings of plastic solar panels. A team from the University of Montreal, in conjunction with England’s Science and Technology Facilities Council,...
Solar Cell Converts CO2 into Useful Acid
PRINCETON, N.J., July 3, 2014 — Researchers at Princeton University have found a way to convert carbon dioxide into a potential fuel with record efficiency. The study, lead by chemistry professor Dr. Andrew Bocarsly, involved converting CO2 and water into formic acid using an...
Standards Sought for Hyperspectral Imaging
GAITHERSBURG, Md., July 3, 2014 — A team from the National Institute of Standards and Technology has begun gathering data they expect will lead to universal calibration standards for hyperspectral imaging, saying the lack of such standards has impeded this noninvasive imaging...
Metamaterial a One-Way Street for Visible Light
GAITHERSBURG, Md., July 2, 2014 — A structure based on hyperbolic metamaterials allows visible light to pass in only one direction, creating new possibilities for optical circuits and biosensing. Developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the device integrates...
Molecular Movies Enhance Bioimaging, Health Research
CORVALLIS, Ore., and EDMONTON, Alberta, Canada, July 2, 2014 — While they won’t be hitting the red carpet anytime soon, bioimaging and health research are becoming molecular movie stars. A team from Oregon State University and the University of Alberta has created a biosensor imaging system that allows...
Metamaterial Shows Promise as THz Imager
CHESTNUT HILL, Mass., June 30, 2014 — An imaging approach involving metamaterials could make the terahertz regime more accessible. Researchers from Boston College, the University of New Mexico and Duke University engineered a low-power multiplex tunable spatial light modulator (SLM)...
Noninvasive Brain Control Possible with New Light-Sensitive Protein
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., June 30, 2014 — A new molecule, along with optogenetics, has put brain control in the hands of scientists. Researchers from MIT developed the protein, which is sensitive to red light and enables neurons to be manipulated noninvasively, as the controlling light...
Harsh Environments No Match for New Fiber Sensor
PITTSBURGH, June 27, 2014 — A team from the University of Pittsburgh has developed an optical high-temperature sensor for gas flow measurements. The researchers said they were able to operate the sensors at up to 850 °C, about 200 °C hotter than has been achieved in...
Magnetic Fields Control Liquid Crystals’ Optical Properties
RIVERSIDE, Calif., June 27, 2014 — A new technique that forms and controls magnetically responsive liquid crystals could be applied to signs, writing tablets and billboards. Conventional liquid crystals, often used in electronic displays, are composed of tiny rod-like molecules....
Optogenetics Allows Control of Spinal Circuits
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., June 27, 2014 — Neuroscientists have long studied spinal circuits in the brain in efforts to better treat spinal cord injuries. Now, optogenetics could be a solution. Researchers at MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research have discovered that this...

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