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Laser Cooling Enhances Atomic-Force Microscopy
CANBERRA, Australia, Aug. 19, 2014 — Cooling nanowire probes with lasers could lead to significant improvements in the sensitivity and resolution of atomic-force microscopes. The technique, developed by a team from Australian National University, uses lasers to achieve a broadband multimode cooling of a nanowire probe of -23 dB to 8±1 K (about -265 °C). This technique could make such microscope probes 20 times more sensitive and capable of detecting forces as small as the weight of an individual virus, the
Spectroscopy Tests for Best Organic Photovoltaics
TSUKUBA, Japan, Aug. 19, 2014 — Spectroscopy may provide a way to identify materials for organic photovoltaics based on their charge formation efficiency. In a recent study of organic solar cells, a team at the University of Tsukuba and the National Institute for Materials Science...
Optogenetics Controls Brain 'Switchboard' in Mice
NEW YORK, Aug. 18, 2014 — Optogenetic techniques have been used to alter the attention spans of mice, helping to shed light on how the brain mediates internal thoughts and external distractions. A team from New York University’s Langone Medical Center focused on the...
Synchrotron Light Sources, FTIR Advance Space-Dust Study
BERKELEY, Calif., Aug. 18, 2014 — Microscopic analysis of interstellar dust is giving scientists an in-depth look at the origins of our solar system. A team from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...
NASA to Study Incoming, Outgoing Arctic Light
WASHINGTON, Aug. 15, 2014 — A new NASA mission will examine Article sea ice loss and cloud formation in part by measuring incoming solar and outgoing IR radiation. Called Arctic Radiation IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE), the airborne campaign is meant help determine...
Sulfur Copolymers Boost IR Optics
TUCSON, Ariz., Aug. 15, 2014 — A new polymer made from sulfur demonstrates high transmission of IR light that could greatly enhance thermal imaging systems. While crystalline IR materials such as silicon, germanium, zinc selenide and halide salts are all frequently used for IR...
IR Sensor Provides 'Virtual Touch' for Blind
CINCINNATI, Aug. 13, 2014 — An IR sensor and the concept of virtual touch could help the visually impaired take on many day-to-day activities. Researchers at the University of Cincinnati used an Enactive Torch, a tactile feedback device for experiments in sensory substitution,...
NSF Grant Funds Study of 'Next Graphene'
RIVERSIDE, Calif., Aug. 13, 2014 — A nearly $1.7 million grant will advance the study of what engineers are calling “the next graphene,” which could play a pivotal role in optoelectronics and other devices. A team from the University of California, Riverside, received the...
Hydrogen Prevents UV Damage in Optical Fiber
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Aug. 12, 2014 — Hydrogen can fortify optical fibers, making them capable of sustained transmission of high-intensity UV light. A team from the National Institute of Standards and Technology created the new fibers, which they said could help reduce errors in logic...
Metasurface Switches Polarization More Efficiently
ANN ARBOR, Mich., Aug. 12, 2014 — An ultrathin metasurface can alter light polarization with 50 percent efficiency, hinting at future microscale devices for controlling light. A team from the University of Michigan and its Lurie Nanofabrication Facility created the device, which is...
Artificial Retinas Using Graphene Called Biocompatible
MUNICH, Aug. 11, 2014 — Viable artificial retinas could be possible using graphene. Researchers from the Technical University of Munich, in collaboration with a team from the Institute of Vision at the Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris and Pixium Vision, are...
Light Used to Measure Surface Vibrations
LOUISVILLE, Ky., Aug. 11, 2014 — A technique that passively monitors light intensity modulation is able to measure the physical and optical properties of a vibrating surface. A team from the University of Louisville, in conjunction with Spectral Sciences Inc. and the U.S. Air Force...
Photoacoustic Device Enables In Vivo Melanoma Imaging
ST. LOUIS, Aug. 8, 2014 — A new device could help doctors better diagnose and treat melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. A team from Washington University in St. Louis developed a handheld instrument that uses lasers and sound waves. Used directly on a...
Hybrid ‘Wonder Material’ Creates Efficient LEDs
CAMBRIDGE, England, OXFORD, England, and MUNICH, Aug. 7, 2014 — A new type of perovskite — touted as a “wonder material” — has been used to create a new type of LED that has the potential to create more efficient light sources than those that rely on conventional solar cells. A team from...
NASA Engineer to Complete First
3-D-Printed Space Camera
GREENBELT, Md., Aug. 7, 2014 — New imaging instruments made using 3-D printing could bring the benefits of such technology to the forefront. NASA aerospace engineer Jason Budinoff is developing a 350-mm dual-channel imaging telescope and a 50-mm camera whose outer tube, baffles...
Measurements Show On-Chip Topological Light Is Robust
COLLEGE PARK, Md., Aug. 4, 2014 — On-chip topological light exhibits less energy loss and is more consistent than light at the interior of an array, a recent experimental study shows. These qualities of robustness and consistency are vital for the integration of such arrays for...
Three-Mode Skin Probe Detects Cancer
AUSTIN, Texas, Aug. 6, 2014 — A new device could potentially allow doctors to get a clearer picture of cancerous skin lesions and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. A team at the University of Texas at Austin has developed a probe that combines three distinct...
Transparency Allows Better Diagnostic Imaging
PASADENA, Calif., Aug. 6, 2014 — New diagnostic medical applications could be in the pipeline, allowing scientists to better image developmental problems and disease within the human body. It is now possible to see through the entire human body, including its tissues and organs,...
New Material Allows for Ultra-Thin Solar Cells
WIEN, Austria, August 5, 2014 — A new structure that combines atomic-layered semiconductor materials could pave the way to new, more efficient solar cells. Researchers from the Vienna University of Technology created the new structure, which merges together two semiconductor...
Conexant a Finalist for 21st High-Tech Innovation Awards
IRVINE, Calif., Aug. 4, 2014 — Conexant Systems Inc. has been named a finalist in the semiconductor category of the Orange County Technology Alliance annual High-Tech Innovation Awards for its CX20921 voice-processing chip. The CX20921 combines an integrated DSP CODEC processor...
Light Pulses Control Graphene Behavior
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Aug. 4, 2014 — A new way to control how graphene conducts electricity could prompt its use as a broadband light detector. A research team at MIT found that changing the concentration of electrons in a graphene sheet can change the way the material responds to...
Imagers, Spectrometers to Travel with Next Mars Rover
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1, 2014 — Imaging and spectroscopy equipment aboard an unmanned NASA rover to be sent to Mars in 2020 will help scientists explore the Red Planet in unprecedented detail. Arizona State University, led by planetary science professor Dr. Jim Bell, will provide...
Nerve Conduit Joins Laser Therapy for Regeneration
TAICHUNG, Taiwan, July 31, 2014 — Laser therapy, along with a newly developed artificial nerve conduit, could allow regeneration of the peripheral and sciatic nerves. Researchers from Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology developed the nerve conduit, which contains...
Meta-Atoms Alter Light Polarization
CANBERRA, Australia, July 30, 2014 — A new metamaterial that is deformed by light while altering its polarization could become a tool for developing photonic circuits. A team from Australian National University’s Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE) made this new...
Nanoscale Features Used to Color Plastics
KONGENS LYNGBY, Denmark, July 31, 2014 — Nanoscale structures could one day take the place of dyes in the production of colored plastics. A team from the Technical University of Denmark has found a more environmentally friendly way to produce such plastics, using the shapes of materials...

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