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Research & Technology News

SERS Advances Noninvasive Prostate Cancer Screening
GUANGDONG, China, Sept. 3, 2014 — SERS spectroscopy could provide a noninvasive way to screen for prostate cancer. A team from Guangdong Medical College used SERS, as well as a spectral data processing algorithm called support vector machine (SVM), to identify the cases of prostate cancer with an accuracy of 98.1 percent. The researchers examined blood samples collected from 68 healthy people and 93 people who were clinically confirmed to have prostate cancer. “The results demonstrate that label-free serum SERS
Video: Selective Laser Melting Enhances Rocket Testing
HUNTSVILLE, Ala., Sept. 3, 2014 — Some of the most complex rocket engine parts have been created and tested with the help of laser-based 3-D printing. A team from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center designed two rocket injectors, which were created via 3-D printing with the help...
‘Cannon’ Launches Single Photons
COPENHAGEN, Denmark, Sept. 2, 2014 — A new photonic "cannon" could provide the necessary light control for quantum encryption and computing.
Colorless Solar Window has 1% Efficiency
EAST LANSING, Mich., Sept. 2, 2014 — A team at Michigan State University has realized an untinted solar window that absorbs and generates electricity from the near-infrared wavelengths of sunlight.
Laser Cooling Halts Trapped Molecule's Rotation
EVANSTON, Ill., Sept. 2, 2014 — It’s relatively easy to trap molecules using lasers, yet they persist in rotating as if they were not trapped at all. But a new laser cooling technique has helped a team from Northwestern University stop a trapped, rotating molecule dead in...
Optogenetics Swaps Memory Emotions
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 2, 2014 — It may be possible to change negative memories into positive ones, and vice versa, using optogenetics techniques.
Raman Whispering Gallery Detects Nanoparticles
ST. LOUIS, Sept. 1, 2014 — A Raman microlaser sensor can detect and count individual particles — including viruses — as small as 10 nm. Researchers led by Dr. Lan Yang of Washington University achieved Raman lasing in a silica microcavity or whispering gallery....
‘Butterfly Molecule’ System Could Bring New Sensors, More
TALLAHASSEE, Fla., Aug. 29, 2014 — A molecular system could convert photon energy directly to mechanical motions, emit white light and even take your temperature. The system, developed by Florida State University researchers, is based on a molecule that was previously created by Biwu...
Quantum Imaging Method Doesn’t Need Light to Touch Object
TYROL, Austria, and VIENNA, Aug. 29, 2014 — A new quantum imaging technique can acquire an image of an object without ever detecting the light used to illuminate it. Typically, to obtain an image of an object it must be illuminated with a light beam and a camera used to sense the light that...
Doppler OCT Measures Cocaine’s Impact on Brain
WASHINGTON, Aug. 28, 2014 — A variant of optical coherence tomography has provided the first images of blood flow disruption in the brain caused by cocaine use.
Spectroscopy Measures Nanoscale Material Strain
LAFAYETTE, Ind., Aug. 28, 2014 — A new spectroscopy technique could lead to microelectronics that perform better under stress and heat. A team from Purdue University developed the technique, called nanomechanical Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy can provide information about...
Laser Pulses (Briefly) Turn Glass into Metal
WIEN, Austria, Aug. 27, 2014 — Subjected to ultrafast laser pulses, quartz glass can take on metallic properties, turning briefly from electrical insulator to conductor. A team at the Vienna University of Technology had previously demonstrated this effect, and is now studying...
Microsphere Exhibits Chip-Scale Lasing
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Aug. 27, 2014 — Combining nanoplasmonic devices and optical microresonators can produce laser-like light emission, potentially paving the way for power-on-a-chip applications.
Biomimetic Photodetector Distinguishes Color
HOUSTON, Aug. 26, 2014 — A new photodetector mimics living organisms’ ability to sense colors, enhancing color filtering and selectivity. The biomimetic color photodetector, developed at Rice University’s Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP), uses an aluminum...
Hydrogen Produced Using Photosynthetic Blueprint
CANBERRA, Australia, Aug. 26, 2014 — Researchers have artificially replicated steps of photosynthesis to produce hydrogen as a zero-carbon replacement for petroleum products. A team from Australian National University modified the naturally occurring protein ferritin to display a...
Optogenetics Heightens Whisker Sensitivity in Mice
PROVIDENCE, R.I., Aug. 25, 2014 — Researchers have heightened the sensitivity of mouse whiskers by using optogenetics to create gamma waves in the brain. A team from Brown University used pulses of blue light to manipulate inhibitory interneurons in the primary sensory neocortex of...
Quantum Cascade Laser Tests Blood Sugar
PRINCETON, N.J., Aug. 25, 2014 — A new laser system could eliminate the need for conventional finger-prick tests for diabetics. A team from Princeton University has developed the new technique, which measures blood sugar by directing an IR quantum cascade laser at a person’s...
'Water Window' Poses Imaging Prospect
SALAMANCA, Spain, Aug. 22, 2014 — The “water window” of biological tissue can be exploited to achieve high-contrast microscope images, as well as precision spectroscopy, according to a new theoretical study. Researchers from the Center for Pulsed Lasers said they have...
Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement Enhances Recycling
MUNICH, Aug. 22, 2014 — Sorting plastics using fluorescence lifetime measurement could simplify and speed up the recycling process. Developed by a team from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the technique takes advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence properties found...
Semi-Artificial Photovoltaics Surpassing Photosynthesis
BOCHUM, Germany, Aug. 22, 2014 — Semi-artificial leaves could function as photovoltaic systems and with unprecedented performance. In leaves, the membrane protein complex photosystem I (PS I) absorbs light, and its energy is utilized for converting carbon dioxide into biomass. In a...
Raman Scattering Measures Single-Molecule Vibrations
IRVINE, Calif., Aug. 21, 2014 — Measurement of the vibrations, or “breathing,” of single molecules is now possible using Raman spectroscopy techniques. A team from the University of California, Irvine, viewed a bipyridylethylene (BPE) molecule vibrating via...
Researchers Propose Lossless Nano-Optical Cables
EDMONTON, Alberta, Canada, Aug. 21, 2014 — New research proposes lossless nano-optical fibers small enough to replace copper wiring in computer chips. “We’re already transmitting data from continent to continent using fiber optics, but the killer application is using this inside...
Imaging Shows Bubbles Could Make Energy-Efficient Nanoparticles
PRINCETON, N.J., Aug. 20, 2014 — High-speed cameras and UV-sensitive materials are helping advance understanding of bubbles — which could mean big things for nanoparticles. In fact, a system in which bubbles mix liquids is an energy-efficient route toward producing...
Laser Tweezers Used to Study Malaria
CAMBRIDGE, England, Aug. 20, 2014 — Optical tweezers are helping in the race to find new medicines or vaccines to wipe out malaria. A team from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Cambridge is studying how the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites interact with...
Kansas, Nebraska Researchers to Probe Ultrafast Laser Dynamics
MANHATTAN, Kan., Aug. 19, 2014 — A three-year, $6 million grant will support a research project on how ultrafast lasers influence matter. Funded by the National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, the project involves 30 physicists,...

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