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Ultrafast Lasers Create 3-D Crystal Waveguides in Glass
BETHLEHEM, Pa., June 9, 2015 — Femtosecond laser pulses can create complex single-crystal waveguides inside glass – a discovery that could enable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that are smaller, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than current networks that use discrete optoelectronic components. Using lanthanum borogermanate (LaBGeO5), researchers at Lehigh University have reported creating waveguides with a loss of 2.64 dB/cm at 1530 nm. "Other groups have made crystal in glass but were
System Combines Optical Microscopy, MRI
MUNICH, June 8, 2015 — Combining optical and MRI techniques, a new imaging system aims to uncover the complexities of tumors to help better tailor cancer treatment. The preclinical and intravital molecular imaging system houses a window for tissue observation in addition...
Holographic Microscopy, Machine Learning Software to ID Bacteria
DAEJEON, South Korea, June 8, 2015 — Pairing holographic microscopy with machine learning software could help hospitals and the food industry screen for bacterial infection in real time. A quantitative phase imaging unit (QPIU) developed at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and...
Black Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency Jumps to 22.1%
ESPOO, Finland, June 5, 2015 — With a newly certified 22.1 percent efficiency rating and wider angular acceptance than other materials, "black silicon" solar cells may now be ready for prime time. Researchers from Aalto University in Finland and the Polytechnic University of...
Quantum Dots Used to Create 'Electronic Tattoos'
DAEJEON, South Korea, June 5, 2015 — Flexible, stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots can be manufactured in ultrathin sheets and applied to human skin like a sticker. These low-voltage "electronic tattoos" could be the next step in wearable technologies, according to researchers from...
Optogenetics Offers Treatment for Laryngeal Paralysis
BONN, Germany, June 4, 2015 — Optogenetics techniques could be exploited to treat laryngeal paralysis, a condition that interferes with speaking, swallowing and breathing. Researchers at the University of Bonn have made individual larynx muscles in mice responsive to light by...
Tunable Laser Diode Taps NIR for Data Transmission
SENDAI, Japan, June 3, 2015 — Tapping into undeveloped frequency bands, a new ultracompact heterogeneous-wavelength laser diode could enable higher-capacity optical data transmission systems. The device combines silicon photonics and quantum-dot (QD) technology and demonstrates...
Fiber Microendoscope Could Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies
HOUSTON, June 3, 2015 — A low-cost, portable, battery-powered microendoscope developed at Rice University could reduce the need for costly biopsies for many patients undergoing screening for esophageal cancer. That's the conclusion of researcher behind a clinical study...
Coating Brings MEMS Flexibility to Laser Welding
ITZEHOE, Germany, June 2, 2015 — A new protective coating for silicon mirrors based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) allow precision cutting and welding with high-power lasers. Up to now, it has been possible to use these small mirrors only with laser outputs of a few...
Reflective Roof Cooler than Ambient Air Temperature
SYDNEY, June 2, 2015 — A potential new roofing material stays cooler than the ambient air temperature, even under the midsummer Australian sun. Comprising a coated polymer stack on a silver thin film, the surface exhibited nearly 100 percent solar reflectance and thermal...
Lasers Inject 'Cargo' into Cells at High Speed
LOS ANGELES, May 29, 2015 — A laser device that injects relatively "large-sized cargo" into mammalian cells at high speed could aid the study of disease. Called a biophotonic laser-assisted surgery tool, or BLAST, the device was developed by engineers and doctors at the...
Laser Stimulation Reveals New Details in Fossils
LAWRENCE, Kan., May 28, 2015 — Handheld lasers can cause fossils to fluoresce, revealing complex details unseen with traditional visual enhancers like UV light. The approach could help paleontologists identify microfossils in soil more quickly, and even detect fake or composite...
Metamaterial Hyperlens Breaks Diffraction Limit
BUFFALO, N.Y., May 26, 2015 — A new metamaterial design has enabled a hyperlens capable of imaging details smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. Developed at the University at Buffalo, the new device relies on a nonresonant, waveguide-coupled design to overcome losses...
Solar Sail Spacecraft Begins Test Voyage in Orbit
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla., May 22, 2015 — A small box launched into space Wednesday will soon blossom into a 32-m2 spacecraft designed to sail on sunlight. The flight is a test of The Planetary Society’s LightSail™, which it said could change how satellites and even larger...
Liquid Crystal Compound Lens Eyed for 3-D Imaging
PHILADELPHIA, May 21, 2015 — Liquid crystal can be controllably formed into compound lenses similar to those found in insects, a team from the University of Pennsylvania has demonstrated. These lenses produce sets of images with different focal lengths, a property that could be...
IR Laser Propels 1-Pound Mirror in Spaceflight Simulation (with video)
TUSTIN, Calif., May 19, 2015 — A private laboratory says it has validated a design for an IR laser propulsion system that could be used to keep satellites in position in low-earth orbit. Y.K. Bae Corp. said it successfully accelerated a 1-lb mirror along a 2-m frictionless air...
Lasers Probe Causes of Volcanic Eruptions
LIVERPOOL, UK, May 18, 2015 — A better understanding of volcanoes' inner workings based on fluorescence imaging could save lives. A team from the University of Liverpool in England, Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and the University of Newcastle in Callaghan,...
Excimer Lasers Print Silicon on Paper
DELFT, Netherlands, May 18, 2015 — For years, scientists have sought an alternative to silicon that possesses the same electrical properties while offering "superior printability." A replacement may not be necessary, though, as laser-printed silicon could be the answer. Researchers...
Pseudoparticles Find Crucial Role in Energy Conversion
KARLSRUHE, Germany, May 15, 2015 — Pseudoparticles could help make more efficient the conversion of light into storable energy, ushering in the potential for a decisive sustainable energy supply. A team from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), in collaboration with the Fritz...
Smartphone Microscope Counts Parasites in Blood
BERKELEY, Calif., May 7, 2015 — A research team led by engineers at the University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new mobile phone microscope capable of analyzing blood. Its ability to automatically detect and quantify bodily infection caused by parasitic worms. The next...
Laser Design Brings Attosecond Spectroscopy Closer
MUNICH, May 7, 2015 — A new laser design could enable high-energy attosecond midwave infrared and vacuum UV spectroscopy systems and faster optoelectronics. The devices is a diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk laser combined with extracavity pulse...
Fiber Tests Show Rod Cells' Uneven Responses to Light
TRIESTE, Italy, May 6, 2015 — To study the response of retinal cells to light, an team of researchers has developed a new technique involving tapered optical fibers that could also have applications in optogenetics. Led by the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in...
DNA, Silver Used to Create Fluorescent Arrays
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., May 5, 2015 — A research team at the University of California, Santa Barbara, has discovered how to create a programmed, tunable fluorescent array by cradling silver nanoclusters inside synthetic DNA. Led by Beth Gwinn, a professor in UCSB’s physics...
Algorithm Makes Video Panoramas from Unstructured Camera Arrays
ZURICH, May 5, 2015 — Even nonprofessionals may someday be able to create high-quality video panoramas using multiple cameras with the help of a new algorithm. The method smooths out the blurring, ghosting and other distortions that routinely occur when video feeds from...
ODT Enhances Optical Tweezer Capabilities, Holographic Bioimaging
DAEJEON, South Korea, May 4, 2015 — A new optical diffraction tomography (ODT) technique can measure the positions of optically trapped particles in three dimensions at high speed. The method provides a more streamlined and precise way to locate and move microscopic particles than...

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