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Research & Technology News

Optical Memory Chip Uses Phase-Change Material
KARLSRUHE, Germany, Sept. 23, 2015 — The first demonstration of a stable nanoscale optical memory chip could allow storage and retrieval of data without the latency inherent in electronic systems. The prototype, developed by researchers in Germany and England, incorporates phase-change materials onto which data can be encoded and erased using ultrashort light pulses. "Optical bits can be written in our system at frequencies of up to a gigahertz or more," said Oxford University professor Harish Bhaskaran, "and our
Detector Seeks Better LED Photometry Results
HELSINKI, Sept. 22, 2015 — A new photometric device could improve the relative uncertainty in measuring the luminous efficacy of LEDs from approximately 5 percent today to 1 percent in the future. Photometers used by lamp manufacturers are largely produced and calibrated with...
3D Data Captured with 2D Camera
DURHAM, N.C., Sept. 18, 2015 — With a few modifications and expanded processing capabilities, standard digital cameras can extract detailed 3D information from a single image. Developed at Duke University, the method does not sacrifice 2D still image quality. Meanwhile, it could...
Laser Ablation Boosts GaAs Terahertz Emission
OKINAWA, Japan, Sept. 18, 2015 — While there is still no cheap and efficient way to mass produce terahertz emitters, laser ablation can increase the output of GaAs, a common semiconductor used in these devices. The surface microstructure of GaAs thin films plays an important role...
Combined Techniques Image Movement of Confined Light
SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain, Sept. 17, 2015 — A combined interferometric and microscopy technique has revealed the strange ways in which light moves when confined inside hyperbolic materials. Researchers at CIC nanoGUNE in the Basque Country and the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) in...
Metamaterial 'Skin Cloak' Makes Microscale Object Invisible
BERKELEY, Calif., Sept. 17, 2015 — An ultrathin metasurface that has been used to hide microscopic objects could be scaled up to provide visible-light cloaking of macroscale objects, according to its developers at the University of California. The researchers fashioned a "skin cloak"...
Theory Describes 'Molecules' of Light
COLLEGE PARK, Md., Sept. 16, 2015 — New theoretical work shows how two photons can be bound together in much the same way that atoms form molecules. If demonstrated experimentally, the phenomenon could be exploited to enhance photon detectors and enable quantum computing. "Lots of...
Study: Automated Biopsy Assessment Possible with SLIM
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Sept. 14, 2015 — Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) might provide a quantitative way to diagnose breast cancer. Researchers at the University of Illinois recently used data-based SLIM assessment to determine whether breast tissue biopsies from 400 patients...
Light-Sensitive Medium Drives Nanoparticle Assembly
REHOVOT, Israel, Sept. 14, 2015 — Light has long been used to trigger self-assembly of nanoparticles. A new approach may be able to achieve the same end more reliably by focusing light on the medium containing the nanoparticles instead of the nanoparticles themselves. The new...
'Leaky' Antenna Multiplexes THz Signals
PROVIDENCE, R.I., Sept. 14, 2015 — "Leaky" antennas could allow future wireless communications systems operating in the terahertz region to send and receive multiple signals. A prototype developed at Brown University is said to be the first system capable of multiplexing terahertz...
'Nanosprings' Show Promise for Self-Powered Devices
ANKARA, Turkey, Sept. 11, 2015 — Self-powered nanosystems like environmental and structural integrity sensors could be enabled by coiled semiconductor nanowires that absorb light. Computational simulations by researchers at Bilkent University show that twisting straight nanowires...
SLAC Gets Green Light to Build 3-Ton Telescope Camera
MENLO PARK, Calif., Sept. 11, 2015 — The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory will begin procuring components for a $168 million, 3.2-GP CCD telescope camera following final approval from the U.S. Department of Energy late last month. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), set for...
Imaging of Nanoscale Pores Aids Drug Discovery
HOUSTON, Sept. 9, 2015 — Drug discovery efforts may get a boost from a new imaging technique based on superresolution microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Called fcsSOFI — for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy superresolution optical fluctuation...
Spinal Neuron Connections Probed with Fluorescence Microscopy
LA JOLLA, Calif., Sept. 9, 2015 — Using two-photon fluorescence microscopy, researchers have gained new insight into how the spinal cord mediates commands from the brain to get the body moving. The findings could help identify ways to repair damaged neural connections in patients...
Color-Changing Substance Detects Biological, Mechanical Problems
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 9, 2015 — Responsive to a range of stimuli, a color-changing metallic substance could help detect problems as varied as mechanical strain and pollution. The material can be engineered to emit specific colors — even pure white — under different...
Ireland Launches Photonics Initiative
CORK, Ireland, Sept. 8, 2015 — The Irish government has announced a new national technology initiative to mobilize the country's photonics industry and grow its economy. Called Photonics Ireland, the platform will deliver a suite of research and innovation actions for greater...
Light Moves Mirror for 3D Sensing
BERKELEY, Calif., Sept. 3, 2015 — Using a mirror moved by the force of light, a new laser system could enable the miniaturization of 3D sensors for driverless cars and bioimaging. The mirror, an ultrathin high-contrast grating, alters the frequency of the laser beam as it moves,...
Feedback Provides Better Optogenetics Control
ATLANTA, Sept. 1, 2015 — Feedback control could give optogenetics the specificity it needs to fight neurological disorders like epilepsy, chronic pain and depression. Neural stimulation systems based on electrical inputs already use feedback to control to fine-tune their...
Individual Photons Squeezed by QDs
CAMBRIDGE, England, Aug. 31, 2015 — Quantum dots can provide the control necessary to "squeeze" individual photons — a feat previously considered impossible to observe. Squeezing is quantum phenomenon that produces an extremely low-noise signal potentially useful in technology...
Laser Diode Micro-Optics Enhance Cutting
DORTMUND, Germany, Aug. 31, 2015 — Although a high-powered diode laser operates at a relatively modest brilliance, with optimized micro-optics it is well suited for the rapid and precise cutting of 6-mm-thick stainless steel. That's the conclusion of Brilamet, a research project...
Pemamek System to Be Used in Laser-Arc Welding Study
KUOPIO, Finland, Aug. 27, 2015 — Savonia University of Applied Sciences will use a hybrid welding station from Pemamek Oy Ltd. to study how laser, arc and hybrid welding methods affect seams in cold-temperature machinery Seam qualities will be studied from R&D and production...
Imaging to the Rescue in Fight Against Invasive Bugs
GREENBELT, Md., Aug. 27, 2015 — Ravenous insects smaller than a penny continue to migrate from the Southeast, threatening to destroy millions of pine and ash trees in the Northeast. Now NASA has teamed with the U.S. Forest Service to combat the problem using an array of optical...
Modified SIM Makes Movies of Cell Processes
ASHBURN, Va., Aug. 27, 2015 — Variations on structured illumination microscopy (SIM) provide a way to watch dynamic biological processes inside living cells with unprecedented clarity. "These methods set a new standard for how far you can push the speed and noninvasiveness of...
Stem Cell Differentiation Triggered with Light
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 26, 2015 — Blue light can trigger the transformation of embryonic stem cells into neurons. Based on optogenetics techniques, the discovery could be a first step toward complex tissue engineering using light, according to researchers at the University of...
Montana Invests in Optics for Agriculture
BOZEMAN, Mont., Aug. 25, 2015 — Recently announced state funding aims to kick hyperspectral imaging into hyperdrive. Montana State University researchers aim to develop new technology for Resonon Inc., a manufacturer of machine vision and other imaging systems used in automated...

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