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Research & Technology News
Plasmonic Nanodiscs Boost 2-D Material’s Light Emission
EVANSTON, Ill., April 7, 2015 — Augmenting molybdenum disulfide with plasmonic nanodiscs transforms the 2-D material into a promising light emitter. Researchers at Northwestern and Arizona State universities have found that a periodic array of 130-nm silver discs on top of a sheet of MoS2 enhances the semiconductor’s light emission as much as 12 times. The use of nanostructures instead of a continuous film allows the material to retain its flexibility. “We have known that these plasmonic nanostructures
Lidar Chip Offers Mobile 3-D Scanning
PASADENA, Calif., April 6, 2015 — A tiny lidar device could turn mobile phones into powerful 3-D scanning devices. Based on a silicon chip less than a square millimeter in size, the nanophotonic coherent imager (NCI) provides the highest depth-measurement accuracy of any such...
Reinvented Optical Gyroscope Smaller, More Sensitive
NEW YORK, April 2, 2015 — A new spin on optical gyroscope technology could allow the devices, which are crucial to satellite and rocket guidance, to increase in sensitivity while shrinking to about 10 μm in size. Researchers at the City University of New York and Yale...
Photopolymerization Approach Speeds 3-D Printing (with video)
CHAPEL HILL, N.C., April 1, 2015 — A new approach to 3-D printing uses photopolymerization to create useful objects like stents in minutes rather than hours. Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) works by projecting UV light through an oxygen-permeable window into a liquid...
Plasmonic Modulators Could Work as Submicron Switches
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J., March 30, 2015 — Nanomechanical plasmonic phase modulators could be used as optical switches with footprints smaller than one square micron, potentially allowing densely packed photonic chips. Researchers at Rutgers University and the National Institute of Standards...
Nanolaser Uses Atomically Thin Gain Medium
SEATTLE, March 26, 2015 — With potential for on-chip optical communications applications, a tungsten-based nanoscale laser operates reliably on a tiny amount of electricity. Developed by researchers at Washington and Stanford universities, the device incorporates a photonic...
Optogenetics Could Counteract Erectile Dysfunction
BASEL, Switzerland, March 24, 2015 — A gene construct that reacts to blue light could offer a drug-free alternative to men with erectile dysfunction. Researcher’s at ETH Zurich’s Department of Biosystems in Basel have tested the construct, which they call an erectile...
Pairing of Silicon, Perovskite Promising for Solar Efficiency
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., March 24, 2015 — A pairing of silicon and perovskite has the potential to achieve significantly higher solar energy conversion efficiencies than standard, single-junction silicon cells. A prototype tandem solar cell developed by researchers at MIT and Stanford...
Squid Skin Inspires IR Camouflage Tape (with video)
IRVINE, Calif., March 24, 2015 — A protein derived from squid skin could be adapted into a kind of IR camouflage for soldiers. Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, have developed an adhesive film that, when stretched, reflects near-infrared light. Future versions...
Honeycomb Steers Light around Sharp Curves
ORLANDO, Fla., March 20, 2015 — Microscale plastic honeycomb structures can make light beams turn on a dime, a development that could allow more optical relays to be packed onto photonic integrated chips. These spatially variant photonic crystals (SVPCs) were designed by...
Higher-Order Modes Speed Up Fiber Conveyor Belt (with video)
OKINAWA, Japan, March 19, 2015 — Evanescent waves bleeding out of optical fibers can be used to trap and move microparticles like a conveyor belt, a phenomenon that could be useful in drug delivery, cell research and even quantum computing. While the effect has been demonstrated...
Melody Encoded onto Plasmonic Nanostructure
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., March 17, 2015 — With data storage capacity 5600 times greater than magnetic film, a chip made of tiny gold bow ties could be the next best place to store all your MP3s. Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign recently created the first-ever...
Livermore Pushes Beyond Flashlamps to Boost Laser Repetition Rates
LIVERMORE, Calif., March 13, 2015 — The world’s highest-peak-power laser diode arrays are now online at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The 3.2-MW arrays are destined to become part of the High-Repetition-Rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System (HAPLS) in 2017. Livermore has...
Photoelectric Dye May Restore Some Sight to the Blind
OKAYAMA, Japan, March 13, 2015 — Photoelectric dyes may be used to send images to the brains of the blind, potentially presenting a simpler alternative to artificial eyes based on image sensors. Blind patients with hereditary diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa have dead...
Photothermal Nanoparticles Extend Range of Optogenetics
CHICAGO, March 12, 2015 — Targeted gold nanoparticles allow light to activate neurons, a finding that could enable the use of optogenetic techniques without genetic manipulation. “This is effectively optogenetics without genetics,” said professor Dr. Francisco...
Chalcogenide Fibers Mimic Brain Functions
SOUTHAMPTON, England, March 10, 2015 — Chalcogenide microfibers could be used to replicate the workings of the human brain, enabling optical computers capable of learning and evolving. A variety of broadband photoinduced effects allow metal-sulfide fibers to be switched on and off. This...
Narrower Lasers Could Yield Better Atomic Clocks
COPENHAGEN, Denmark, March 10, 2015 — Atomic clocks lose 1 second every 300 million years, but that level of accuracy isn’t good enough for researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute. For even better precision, they’ve devised a new way to narrow the linewidth of the red lasers...
Nanowire Optical Properties Tuned by Alloy Catalyst
BERKELEY, Calif., March 9, 2015 — A new growth catalyst gives greater control over the colors of light emitted by gallium nitride nanowires. Rather than using a single metal, researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory used gold-nickel alloys as a catalyst. By altering the...
Black Phosphorus Shows Promise in Optical Circuits
MINNEAPOLIS, March 5, 2015 — With a tunable bandgap, black phosphorus could be used to make better optical communications circuits than graphene and even germanium. Researchers at the University of Minnesota used black phosphorus, a 2-D, stable crystalline form of phosphorus,...
Phase Encoding, Photon Counting Yield Secure QR Codes
STORRS, Conn., March 4, 2015 — Microscale QR codes coupled with optical phase encoding and photon-counting encryption could be used to protect the integrity of microchips used in the most sensitive applications. QR, or Quick Response, codes — those black and white boxes...
Light’s Wave-Particle Duality Visualized (with video)
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, March 3, 2015 — A novel imaging approach has brought light’s split personalities together for the first time. The wave-particle duality of light is well known, though experiments to date have only been able to observe one property at a time. But now a team of...
Modified Genes Triggered by Blue Light
DURHAM, N.C., March 2, 2015 — Crossing a bacterium’s viral defense system with a flower’s response to the sun yields a light-based trigger for genes. This type of control could enable deeper study of specific genes’ functions, create complex systems for growing...
Nanostructures Enable Step Toward OLED Lasers
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., March 2, 2015 — Organic LEDs made with finely patterned nanostructures can produce bright, low-power light sources, a key step toward making organic lasers. Researchers have long dreamed of building organic lasers, but they have been hindered by carbon-based...
Tyndall to Lead $6M Project on Photonic Circuits for Data Transmission
CORK, Ireland, March 2, 2015 — The Tyndall National Institute will lead a consortium of researchers in a three-year, €5.2 million (about $5.95 million) European Union-funded project to develop photonic circuits for faster, cheaper data transmission. The Thermally Integrated...
Germany Opens Digital Photonic Production Research Campus
AACHEN, Germany, Feb. 27, 2015 — Government, scientific and industry leaders recently opened the Digital Photonic Production research campus to develop light as a production tool. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) is funding nine such research campuses...
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