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Lidar Scanning May Aid Forest Monitoring, Management
JOENSUU, Finland, Dec. 7, 2015 — A mathematical method usually employed in economics for studying income inequality has been applied to the study of tree-size variation using lidar data. Researchers from the University of Eastern Finland have identified and analyzed indicators for expressing size differences among neighboring trees and developed methods to obtain these indicators — which measure characteristics such as stem density — using lidar technology. In this method, forests were scanned with a
Plasmons Enhance Detection of Wavefront Aberrations
DUBLIN, Dec. 8, 2015 — A sensor that exploits plasmonics to gauge nanoscale distortions in lightwaves could yield more powerful tools for metrology and chemical sensing, as well as sharper microscopes.
Computer Chips Measured Using Optical Scatterfield Technique
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Dec. 7, 2015 — Using a microscope that combines standard through-the-lens viewing with scatterfield imaging techniques, researchers have accurately measured patterned features on a silicon wafer 30 times smaller than the wavelength of light. The achievement...
Bridging Nanoparticles Creates Reversible Color Change for Displays
HOUSTON, Dec. 7, 2015 — A method for building tiny "drawbridges" could allow engineers to use standard electrical switching techniques to construct color displays from pairs of nanoparticles that scatter different colors of light. The chemical bridges can be created and...
Consumer Sensors Lower Cost of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 7, 2015 — A fluorescence lifetime system that relies on a consumer-grade time-of-flight sensor and a mathematical model holds promise as a low-cost imaging option for biomedical research and clinical practice. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is a popular...
Technique Sinters Thin Films at Lower Temps
CORVALLIS, Ore., Dec. 4, 2015 — A revised approach to the process of photonic sintering could advance thin films for solar cells, flexible electronics, sensors and other printed technologies by decreasing the temperature required for fabrication. Sintering is the fusing of...
Autofluorescence Spectroscopy System Determines Fish Freshness
TOYOHASHI, Japan, Dec. 3, 2015 — An autofluorescence spectroscopy method has been used to determine the freshness of fishery products. In Japan, freshness is the primary determinant of acceptability and pricing on the fish market because fresh fish products must be suitable to be...
Polarization Data Enhances 3D Scanning Resolution
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 2, 2015 — The resolution of conventional 3D imaging devices can be increased by as much as 1,000 times by exploiting the polarization of light. That's the conclusion of an international team of researchers who modified a Microsoft Kinect time-of-flight sensor...
Hyperspectral IR Camera Measures Air's Methane Content
LINKÖPING, Sweden, Dec. 1, 2015 — A hyperspectral IR camera sensitive to methane in the air could help measure and monitor greenhouse gases. The camera, developed by a team from the universities of Linköping and Sweden, weighs 35 kg and measures 50 &mult; 45 &mult; 25...
Process Minimizes Contact Reflectance in Solar Cells
STANFORD, Calif., Nov. 30, 2015 — Electrical contacts take up 5 to 10 percent of the surface of conventional solar cells, reflecting sunlight and hampering power generation. A simple chemical reaction can cause those contacts to recede while exposing more of a cell's...
Lensless Camera Thinner than a Dime
HOUSTON, Nov. 30, 2015 — Using a gridlike mask instead of a lens, a camera system thinner than a dime could pave the way for imaging systems embedded in flexible, foldable and even disposable media. FlatCam detects a linear combination of light from multiple scene elements,...
Application Note: Airborne Spectrometers Monitor Volcanic Emissions
DUNEDIN, Fla., Nov. 27, 2015 — Flying into the maws of active volcanoes, spectrometers from Ocean Optics will help scientists study the effects of eruptions on climate. As part of the Trail by Fire project, the Flame miniature spectrometers will be flown directly below volcano...
Superacid Erases Thin Film Defects, Boosting Luminescence
BERKELEY, Calif., Nov. 26, 2015 — An organic superacid can smooth out defects in monolayer semiconductors, potentially making them more viable for applications such as transparent LED displays, ultrahigh-efficiency solar cells and photodetectors. The chemical treatment method...
Theory: Increasing Vibrations Makes SERS More Powerful
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, Nov. 25, 2015 — Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) could become an even more powerful tool for probing single molecules if those molecules can be made to vibrate more, a theoretical model suggests. SERS is used to identify individual molecules based on their...
UK Creates £13M Photonics Manufacturing Hub
SOUTHAMPTON, England, Nov. 24, 2015 — More than 40 U.K. companies will take part in a photonics manufacturing research center to be led by the University of Southampton. The Future Photonics Hub will provide national leadership in manufacturing for next-generation photonics technologies...
Laser Cools Liquid for First Time
SEATTLE, Nov. 24, 2015 — A near-infrared laser has been used to cool water by more than 10 °C in what is believed to be the first instance of laser cooling in a liquid. A team of researchers from the University of Washington used a tunable CW laser to trap an...
Purdue Assembles Label-Free Imaging Research Team
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., Nov. 23, 2015 — As part of its strategic growth plan, Purdue University's College of Engineering has appointed a research team to develop label-free spectroscopic sensing techniques. Label-free imaging foregoes fluorescent dyes and other time-consuming sample...
Bell Labs Proposes Multiplexing Scheme for Petabit Communications
MURRAY HILL, N.J., Nov. 23, 2015 — A new multiplexing scheme could allow optical networks to transmit data at petabits per second — creating enough capacity to allow two-thirds of the U.S. population to simultaneously stream HD movies over a single optical fiber. Real-time...
Calibration Sharpens Superresolution Microscopes
STANFORD, Calif., Nov. 23, 2015 — Superresolution microscopes can be made even sharper with arrays of nanoscale apertures that compensate for optical aberrations more effectively than previous techniques. The arrays allow for more accurate tracking of individual molecules in 3D,...
Viral Method Aids Two-Photon Imaging of Primate Brains
WAKO, Japan, Nov. 20, 2015 — Tailored viruses that make brain cells manufacture fluorophores could make two-photon microscopy techniques viable for studying primate brains. Tested first in marmosets, the technique could for the first time allow scientists to neural activity...
Application Note: Raman Microscope Probes Semiconductor Defects
NISHINOMIYA, Japan, Nov. 20, 2015 — Using Raman microscopy to study flaws in the crystal structure of semiconductors could lead to better epitaxial growth processes that would make the materials more energy efficient when used in electronic devices. Using a Raman microscope from...
Projector Would Keep Up with Moving Surfaces
SUITA, Japan, Nov. 19, 2015 — A proposed projection mapping technique would make light stick to moving objects like paint. Proposed by professors Daisuke Iwai and Kosuke Sato of Osaka University, the technique relies on a camera system to track the movements of the object being...
Kirigami Helps Solar Cells Track the Sun
ANN ARBOR, Mich., Nov. 18, 2015 — Kirigami, the ancient Japanese art of paper cutting, could help create flexible solar cells that track the sun to generate more electricity than stationary panels. With help from an art professor, researchers at the University of Michigan recently...
IR Thermography May Help Diagnose Joint Inflammation
JOENSUU, Finland, Nov. 18, 2015 — Noninvasive, low-cost IR thermography may be effective for imaging joint inflammation and also shows promise for assessing ergonomic problems caused by office work. A study at the University of Eastern Finland evaluated the capability of IR...
UV Light Powers Nanosubmersible Motors
HOUSTON, Nov. 17, 2015 — Single-molecule machines that move through fluids with UV light-powered motors could someday carry cargo for medical and other applications. Microscopic machines with motors have been developed over the years, said Rice University professor James...

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