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The Making of a Flexible Active-Matrix OLED Display
Imagine a display as thin as paper that can be rolled into a small tube, wrapped around objects such as a cell phone, dropped on the ground or even hammered and yet still function. In addition, the exhibit shows the highly pure color and crisp high-speed motion pictures that can be viewed from all directions with the same high quality while consuming very little power. Such displays are close to being a reality, thanks to organic LEDs (OLEDs). A universal communication device is a...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Thin, Colorful Carbon Films
A research group comprising members from Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, and from Peking University has found that when a thin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film on an aluminum substrate is coated uniformly with carbon, the result is an...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Tuning LEDs Is Like Mixing Paints
To get the right light for displays and other devices, you need the proper mix of red, green and blue. Now a team from MIT in Cambridge, Mass., has demonstrated that the same idea can be applied when making LEDs using quantum dots. By using the...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Using Lithography to Enhance LED Efficiency
To increase the brightness of LEDs, the devices’ current-spreading layers can be synthesized from indium tin oxide instead of nickel and gold. Texturing the surface of the indium tin oxide layers can boost light output further. However, techniques...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Adding Depth to Spectroscopy Imaging
Conventional spectrometers examine just one location that scientists hope is representative of a whole sample. With spectroscopic imaging, a single point of information can be replaced by measurements from many locations. Now researchers at the...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Building a Telescope to Supplant Hubble
In 2013, the James Webb Space Telescope is scheduled for launch. Three months later, it will settle into a spot about 1 million miles from Earth, from which it will record light from nearly the beginning of time and from the edge of space. By...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Detecting Motion, No Matter How Small
A virus isn’t big. A few years ago, a nanomechanical sensor found that one tipped the scale at a few attograms. Such instruments now have the potential to sense mass an order of magnitude smaller, on the scale of zeptograms. However, small-scale...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Efficient Semipolar Blue LEDs Created on Freestanding Substrate
Blue LEDs with high quantum efficiency and significantly reduced polarization-related internal electric fields have been successfully fabricated on freestanding semipolar substrates by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara....
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Electrified Liquid Crystals Make Nanorods Stand Up
Unlike spherical and otherwise-shaped nanostructures, semiconductor nanorods cause light to polarize along their axis. But without the ability to coordinate their orientation, the nanorods’ special capability cannot be fully utilized. Scientists at...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Electron-Multiplying CCD Camera in X-ray Imaging
With the onset of improved, patient-specific treatments for vascular disease, along with advancing diagnostic techniques, there is an increasing need for high-resolution images obtainable in real time. Current state-of-the-art medical x-ray image...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Eye Safety in the Laser Lab
One of the most ubiquitous items on the optical table is the beam block. It gets moved around, sometimes to block a stray reflection, at other times to block a “what if” beam. (What if I miss the mirror?) But despite the beam block’s omnipresence, I...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Glass Molding Makes Aspheric Lenses a Practical Choice
In the early 1970s, Eastman Kodak developed precision glass-molding technology to make 3- to 10-mm-diameter aspheric glass elements for lens systems being designed for cameras that contained film on a disc instead of on a roll. The lens systems had...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Helium-Ion Microscopy
When it comes to imaging at high magnifications, the traditional optical microscope has given way to a number of alternative technologies, each with its advantages and its shortcomings. One, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), has been around...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Infrared Detection at Room Temperature with Single-Electron Resolution
Infrared signals with wavelengths longer than 1.2 μm often are excluded by the selectivity of silicon-based sensors. Sensors that use electron-hole pair generation require photons to have energy greater than the 1.1-eV bandgap energy of...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
NIST Develops Calibration Tools for Fluorescent Instruments
Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Md., have developed two new standard reference materials to help correct and validate the performance of analytical instruments that detect, measure and...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Scattering Filter Improves Organic LED
Researchers at MIT in Cambridge, Mass., have created an efficient and saturated deep-blue color by coupling a strong microcavity organic LED with a scattering filter. The technique allowed phosphorescent OLEDs to overcome angular dependence —...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Light Up All-Optical Signal Processing
For many years, optics scientists have been looking for all-optical signal processing materials that enable one light beam to be controlled by another. However, most optical materials are linear and allow light beams to pass through without...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Spectral Methods for Biological Analysis
An exciting development in light microscopy is the increasing availability of signal detection systems that record high-resolution emission spectra at each pixel in an image. These systems can be used for biological applications such as...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Supreme Court Decision Impacts High-Tech Patenting
The increasing prominence of intellectual property (IP) in society has prompted the US Supreme Court to take on more cases related to this topic, particularly those involving high-tech business. On April 30, the Supreme Court handed down decisions...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Tracking Cotton Trash via Fluorescence
Cotton producers are plagued with trash -- the bits of leaf, stem, hull, seed coat, bract and other unusable parts of the plant. Such debris determines cotton quality, and cleaner cotton is easier to process into materials such as yarn. Various...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Tracking Nanoparticles the Easy Way
Visualizing single nanoparticles and following them in three dimensions is useful for scientific applications ranging from examining biological cells to studying mixing in microfluidics. However, tracking nanoparticles in 3-D requires imaging...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Wafer-Level Camera Technologies Shrink Camera Phone Handsets
Wafer-level optics is a novel technology that is designed to meet the demand for smaller form factors, higher resolution and cost-effective pricing in the next generation of camera phones. The optical components are fabricated on glass wafers in a...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
A New Application for VCSELs: High-Power Pump Lasers
Compact and robust high-power semiconductor lasers are needed in a variety of applications; foremost is pumping of solid-state and fiber lasers. Presently, semiconductor edge-emitters dominate the market for pump lasers. However, edge-emitters have...
Photonics Spectra, July 2007
A Smart, Small Scanner
A team of researchers from Japan has shown that even the smallest optical scanner can pack plenty of smarts, thanks to innovations in fabrication. A group comprising members from the Tokyo-based National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and...
Photonics Spectra, July 2007
AFM Characterizes Bubbles that Should Not Be
Nanobubbles should not exist because they defy a law of physics. Bubbles with nanometer-size radii should have high pressure within them that causes them to be squeezed out in less than a second, according to LaPlace’s Law. However, nanobubbles last...
Photonics Spectra, July 2007
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