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Photoluminescence Reveals Properties of Single CdS Nanowires
Although advancements in CdS nanowire synthesis and device fabrication have led to such optically driven applications as lasers, photodetectors and waveguides, there is little information on the fundamental properties of the nanowires and their morphological dependence. Researchers from the University of Cincinnati, from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and from Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have combined low-temperature microphotoluminescence imaging and time-resolved...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Quantum-Confined Excitons Produce Luminescence in Silicon Nanowires
Light emission from silicon nanowires has been demonstrated previously, but there has not been conclusive evidence that the emissions can be obtained from quantum-confined excitons within the nanowire core. Furthermore, studies have neglected to...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Seeing More with Less
When it comes to fluorescence microscopy, a team of investigators has shown that you can see more with less. Scientists at the Janelia Farm Research Campus of Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) in Ashburn, Va., at the National Institute of...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Selecting the Best Optical Mount
There are many types of mounts that can be used to hold and adjust mirrors, beamsplitters, lenses and other round, thin optics. Companies offer an extensive array of such products, from inexpensive fixed mounts to sophisticated adjustable...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Lasers Emerge from a Multimode Sea
Since the invention of diode lasers in 1962, researchers have sought to increase the power available from them in a single spatial mode. Because of their high brightness, single-mode diode lasers have many advantages for a variety of applications....
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Smart Cameras Are Earning a Niche in Machine Vision
With apologies to Forrest Gump: Smart is as smart does. As the cost of memory and processor chips has dropped, camera vendors have crammed more and more intelligence into their devices. Consequently, current instruments can run the latest operating...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Suitability of Nanotube Films Depends on How They Are Made
At the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, scientists have reported that not all carbon nanotubes are equal as replacements for the transparent ITO electrodes in organic LEDs (OLEDs) and other photonic devices, such as organic...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Titanium Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Liquid Are Studied
As applications of nanoscale materials continue to be developed, a fundamental understanding of how changes in the processes that create those materials affect their resulting properties is required. To that end, A. Welford Castleman Jr. and Justin...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Two-Photon Polymerization: A New Approach to Micromachining
The rapid technical development of ultrashort laser systems is creating exciting possibilities for very precise localization of laser energy in time and space. These achievements have triggered novel laser applications based on nonlinear interaction...
Photonics Spectra, October 2006
Advances in LED Automotive Forward-Lighting Providing Catalysts for Change
Given the styling flexibility, unique brand-image possibilities and the increased performance levels that they offer, LEDs may represent the most significant advancement in automotive lighting sources since the advent of the high-intensity discharge...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Bright LEDs Made on Side Facets of GaN Stripes
LEDs are fabricated by growing epitaxial layers along the direction of the crystal polar axis. However, the optical efficiency of these optoelectronic devices decreases with increasing wavelength, due in part to strong internal piezoelectric fields...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Circular Bragg Grating Boosts LED Output
A team of scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colo., has demonstrated that etching a circular Bragg grating into the surface of a semiconductor LED increases light extraction sevenfold. Such structures are of...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Enabling Subcellular pH Sensing
A team of scientists at Rice University in Houston has reported that gold nanoshells — structures on the order of 100 nm in diameter comprising a nonconducting core and an outer layer of gold — can be functionalized to yield surface-enhanced Raman...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Images Reveal Shape, Orientation of Nanoparticles
Using a variant of confocal microscopy that illuminates samples with higher-order laser modes, investigators at Universität Tübingen in Germany have produced images of gold nanospheres and nanorods that offer information about both the shape and the...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Improving Optical Free-Form Production
Production of free-form optics is one of the most challenging areas in the precision optics industry, creating continuously increasing demands on the machine manufacturers. Free-form optics include rotationally symmetric parts, such as aspheres and...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Lensless X-ray Microscopy Images Nanocrystals
Scientists at the University of Illinois in Urbana have used coherent hard x-rays to produce 3-D images of 750-nm lead nanocrystals with a spatial resolution of 40 nm. With improved detectors and more powerful sources of coherent x-rays, they...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Making Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Flexible
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy helps to shed light on the behavior of molecules in aqueous solutions by measuring fluctuations in fluorescence intensity. Typically, data is collected from a single, fixed-focus position within the sample....
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Plasma Deposition Yields Thin Films of Optically Active Dyes
Scientists in Europe have reported the development of a single-step, room-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process that yields polymeric thin films incorporating isolated rhodamine molecules. They note that the method is...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Remote Laser Welding in Industrial Applications
The market for industrial laser systems is very mature and has been growing steadily for almost 30 years. In 1979, the first two-dimensional laser-cutting systems were introduced as tools for the fabrication industry. Today, this market has expanded...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Robust Light Propagated in Ultralarge-Mode-Area Fibers
In the past few years, ytterbium-doped fiber lasers have achieved diffraction-limited outputs at multiple kilowatt levels, and they now compete with or surpass their more complex counterparts: bulk, solid-state lasers. An all-fiber approach offers...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Suspended Nanotubes Imaged by Photoluminescence
The luminescent response of optically pumped single-walled carbon nanotubes may be used to create images of the structures, report scientists from the Institute for Microstructural Sciences in Ottawa and from the University of Ottawa. Employed as a...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
UV-Shifted Silicon Devices for Imaging and Detection
Ultraviolet and vacuum UV detection and imaging sensors are required for scientific instrumentation — UV spectrometers and camera systems — used to evaluate the uniformity of beams in vacuum UV lithography equipment. Conventional CCD and CMOS...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Visionary Hookups
The good thing about standards, it has been said, is that there are so many to choose from. That is certainly proving to be the case for the standards used to operate the interfaces of machine vision cameras. With the properly matched camera...
Photonics Spectra, September 2006
Building Semiconductor Structures in Optical Fiber
The backbone of the information superhighway comprises optical fiber. Optical fiber technology has lead to the revolution in telecommunications and is affecting many other fields, from defense and remote sensing to biomedicine. This impact is...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
Cavity-Enhanced Evanescent Waves Trap Microparticles
Like surfers riding an ocean swell, micron-size particles respond to light and can be trapped and arranged in regular patterns. However, it has been difficult to produce a strong enough optical interaction to achieve this micromanipulation over...
Photonics Spectra, August 2006
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