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Sensors Capture Image Data from Near and Far

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Factors such as sensitivity, field of view, and speed help to determine which type of imaging sensor, CCD or CMOS, is best suited for a specific application.

Alan Mullan and Aleks Marsh, Andor Technology

Imaging sensors reveal key details during the exploration of many areas of science, from untangling events at the quantum level and the fundamental processes of the cell to building our understanding of the wider cosmos. Imaging sensor technologies used in these applications can be grouped into two main types: charge-coupled devices, or CCDs — including electron multiplying CCDs — and complementary metal oxide semiconductors, or CMOSs. The amount of space debris continues to increase, posing an ever-increasing hazard to important satellites. Image sensors enable debris to...Read full article

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    Published: October 2021
    Glossary
    sensitivity
    In a radiation detector, the ratio of the output to the input signal.
    quantum efficiency
    Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of photonics or electronics, converts incoming photons (light) into a useful output signal or response. It is expressed as a ratio or percentage and quantifies the number of electrons or charge carriers generated in response to the incident photons. In other words, quantum efficiency provides a measure of how well a device can capture and utilize photons to produce an electric...
    dark current
    The current that flows in a photodetector when there is no optical radiation incident on the detector and operating voltages are applied.
    luminescence
    Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in temperature. In other words, it is the production and emission of light by a material or substance, often as a result of electronic, molecular, or atomic transitions. Luminescence is a broad term that encompasses various phenomena, including fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence: Fluorescence: In fluorescence, a substance absorbs light...
    field of view
    The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given moment through a device, such as an optical instrument, camera, or sensor. It is the angular or spatial extent of the observable environment as seen from a specific vantage point or through a particular instrument. Key points about the field of view include: Angular measurement: The field of view is often expressed in angular units, such as degrees, minutes, or radians. It...
    ImagingSensors & DetectorssensorsCCDCMOSsensitivitypixel sizequantum efficiencyread noiseDark currentEMCCDsCMOSanalog-to-digital conversionluminescencespace junkSPADsFeaturesField of View

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