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Research & Technology News
Laser Ablation/Vacuum Boosts Fingerprint Analysis
BATON ROUGE, La., Aug. 4, 2017 — Using IR laser ablation coupled with vacuum capture, a system of fingermark sampling has been developed that could be used for traditional fingerprint analysis and also to capture, filter and analyze biomolecules and trace substances such as DNA or explosives. Laser ablation at 3 micrometer (µm) was performed in reflection mode with subsequent capture of the ejecta with a filter connected to a vacuum. The laser heated up any moisture present within the surface area, lifting
Flat Microscope to be Used in Implantable Neural Interface
HOUSTON, Aug. 3, 2017 — A prototype of a flat microscope, called FlatScope, has been developed as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA’s) Neural Engineering System Design (NESD) project. The microscope will be designed to sit on the...
Escarda Technologies Develops Laser-Based Weeding
BONN, Germany, Aug. 3, 2017 — A smart system for controlling invasive weed growth uses multi-spectral sensors and computer vision algorithms to detect and classify all plants in a field. After weeds are identified, a laser beam is used to eliminate or seriously damage the weeds....
Near-Infrared Tumor Technology Identifies Cancerous Cells
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 3, 2017 — Surgeons were able to identify and remove a greater number of cancerous nodules from lung cancer patients when combining intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) — using of a contrast agent that makes tumor cells glow during surgery — with...
Imaging Tracer Allows Early Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
NEW HAVEN, Conn., Aug. 2, 2017 — A novel medical imaging technique using a newly developed tracer could potentially be used to assess a patient’s rupture risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), allowing better management of this disease. Researchers developed a...
Camera Detects 23 Clues to Cosmic Dawn
TEMPE, Ariz., July 31, 2017 — The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) has detected 23 young galaxies, seen as they were 800 million years after the Big Bang occurred. DECam was recently made even more powerful when it was equipped with a special narrowband filter, designed by researchers...
SERS-Based Sensor Detects Toxins at Ultralow Concentrations
TOMSK, Russia, and PRAGUE. July 31, 2017 — A chemical sensor equipped with organic chemical compounds could provide selective, reproducible detection of heavy metal ions quickly and in miniscule amounts. The sensor is based on a plasmon-polariton Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)...
Clemson Researchers Seek Improved Beam Quality for High-Power Industrial Diode Lasers
ANDERSON, S.C., July 31, 2017 — The military already has a few lasers in their arsenal they’ve been testing to shoot down drones and incoming missiles. Now, the Department of Defense has employed the help of two Clemson University researchers to help build and design a...
Raman Amplification in Plasma Leads to Ultra-High-Gain Amplifier
GLASGLOW, Scotland, July 28, 2017 — Using plasma, scientists have amplified short laser pulses of picojoule-level (pJ-level) energy up to 100 millijoules (mJ), a gain of more than eight orders of magnitude over existing capabilities. <br A large Raman backscattered energy of up to...
Plasmonics Key to Photon Upconversion
HOUSTON, July 27, 2017 — A method to efficiently upconvert light combines plasmonic metals and semiconducting quantum wells to boost wavelength frequency. The novel photon upconversion technique is mediated by hot carriers in plasmonic nanostructures. Hot holes and hot...
Image Colorization System Uses AI to Direct Its Choices
BERKELEY, Calif., July 26, 2017 — A data-driven image colorization technique uses AI and deep learning to colorize images in real-time, providing even novices with the ability to quickly colorize grayscale images with satisfactory results. The system is guided by a Convolutional...
New Polymer Material Goes for a Walk When Illuminated
EINDHOVEN, Netherlands, July 26, 2017 — A new polymer material has been developed that can undulate and propel itself forward when exposed to light. Scientists at Eindhoven University of Technology and Kent State University clamped a strip of the polymer material in a rectangular frame...
Better Materials Could Advance Design of Dielectric Nanophotonic Devices
MOSCOW and SAINT PETERSBURG, Russia, July 25, 2017 — A team of physicists has conducted a comparative analysis of available high-index materials and existing fabrication techniques, examining their performance as optical nanoresonators. The systematic study has produced results that could optimize the...
Light-Activated Gene Expression Could Uncover Cancer Therapies
KYOTO, Japan, July 25, 2017 — In a novel approach to light-inducible gene regulation, researchers began by modifying the surface of nanorods to make them more efficient in transporting cancer-killing genes to cells. The gold nanorods, which produce heat when exposed to a NIR...
Highly Efficient Beamsplitter for THz Uses Artificial Dielectrics
PROVIDENCE, R.I., July 24, 2017 — A novel technique for manipulating the polarization of light at terahertz (THz) frequencies uses stacks of closely-spaced steel plates to make a polarizing beamsplitter (PBS). Each pair of plates forms a parallel-plate waveguide. When THz light is...
Harvard, MIT Researchers Use Google Maps to Study Gentrification, Urban Planning
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July 24, 2017 — Researchers from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have authored a study that uses computer vision algorithms to examine millions of Google Street View images in an effort to measure whether and how urban areas are...
Self-Powered Smart Window Uses Near-UV Light
PRINCETON, N.J., July 21, 2017 — A self-powered smart window features a novel type of solar cell that selectively absorbs near-UV light. The near-UV light is used to generate electricity, which powers chemical reactions that lighten or darken the glass as needed. Organic...
Optical Approach to Fracture Testing Measures Concrete Strength
LEEDS, England, July 20, 2017 — A light-based approach to measuring the strength of opaque heterogeneous concrete mixes applies a light-refracting coating, designed to display stress positions, to the surface of the concrete; then takes a photograph of the concrete surface and...
Large-Mode-Area Optical Fibers Maintain Polarization
MOSCOW, July 20, 2017 — An optical fiber has been developed that preserves the coherent properties of light. This novel tapered fiber could be useful in the construction of high-power pulsed fiber lasers and amplifiers and polarization-sensitive sensors. The fiber enables...
Smartphone App Uses Quantum Technology to Identify Fake Products
LANCASTER, England, July 19, 2017 — An atomic-scale ID based on quantum technology has been demonstrated using a smartphone application. The quantum ID (QID) could potentially be used for verifying the authenticity of many types of products, from medicines to automotive parts....
Photoswitch Chemistry Creates 3D Shapes From Light
DALLAS, July 17, 2017 — A novel technology uses a special class of photoactivatable molecules and digital light processing (DLP) to construct light shapes into animated structures that have volume and are viewable from 360 degrees. The technology is not a hologram, and...
New Laser Design Offers Multicolor Output of Tissue in Real Time
EVANSTON, Ill., July 14, 2017 — A cost-effective laser design that outputs multi-color lasing could allow encrypted, encoded, redundant and faster information flow in optical fibers, and allow multi-color medical imaging of diseased tissue in real time. The laser has been...
Raman-Based Approach Images Biological Processes in Action
MARSEILLE, France, July 14, 2017 — A fast, novel imaging technique could improve molecular-scale understanding of the biological processes involved in the early stages of disease. The technique uses polarization-resolved coherent Raman scattering (polar-CRS) to reveal a...
With Virtual Reality, Life’s a Beach — Even at the Dentist
PLYMOUTH, England, July 13, 2017 — Virtual reality was used to transport patients from the dentist’s chair to a day at the beach at one dental practice in Devon, England — with a demonstrable improvement in the comfort level on the part of the patients. The dental...
Microsatellite for Space Quantum Communications is Demonstrated
TOKYO, July 13, 2017 — In a quantum-limited communication experiment between a microsatellite (called SOCRATES) in low Earth orbit and an optical ground station (OGS), researchers were able to detect the communication signal from a small, lightweight quantum-communication...
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