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Research & Technology News

New Approach to Solar Material Design and Manufacturing Uses AI
OSAKA, Japan, June 7, 2018 — To speed the search for well-matched solar materials, scientists applied random forest (RF) screening, a machine learning technique, for the design, synthesis, and characterization of a polymer that could facilitate rapid development of optoelectronic materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Scientists from Osaka University gathered data on 1200 OPVs from around 500 studies. Using RF machine learning (artificial intelligence), they built a model combining the bandgap, molecular weight,
Terahertz Frequency Pulses Uncover Hidden State of Matter
AMES, Iowa, June 6, 2018 — Researchers have used ultrafast photonics to visualize electrons interacting as a hidden state of matter in a superconductive alloy. When fully understood and tuned, this state of matter could be used for faster, heat-free quantum computing,...
Label-Free Microscopy Analyzes Dynamics of Cell Membranes
URBANA, Ill., June 6, 2018 — A new live cell imaging technique will enable researchers to observe the formation and growth of cell membrane focal adhesions. Examining focal adhesions — cell membrane components that regulate adhesion and migration — is one of the...
Scientists Discover Light, Gold Thin Films Interaction
ATLANTA, June 5, 2018 — Physicists have devised a way to determine the electronic properties of thin gold films after they interact with light, a discovery that could further scientific understanding of how light affects materials. When the energy of a photon is...
Temporal Characterization of the Laser Field Using Tunnel Ionization
DAEJEON, South Korea, June 5, 2018 — A way to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air has been developed. In contrast to the existing method for studying waveforms, it does not require a vacuum environment or x-ray pulses. The method (dubbed TIPTOE) can be applied to laser...
Transparent Hybrid Film Changes Color in Response to Humidity
TOKYO, June 4, 2018 — Scientists developed a transparent hybrid film and investigated its chromic behavior in relation to relative humidity (RH). The film is made from environmentally friendly clay minerals and a dye, magnesium porphyrin, which changes color in response...
AI Learns How to Approximate Light Scattering to Speed Inverse Design
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., June 4, 2018 — A computational neural network (a form of artificial intelligence) was able to learn how a multilayered nanoparticle scatters light by learning the relationship between the nanoparticle’s structure and its behavior, based on thousands of...
Photonic Chip Used as Quantum Simulator to Model Molecular Dynamics
BRISTOL, England, May 31, 2018 — An international scientific team has shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level. Data from the chip allows a frame-by-frame reconstruction of atomic motions to create a virtual movie of a...
Liquid Crystal Shells Enable New Type of Sensor
LUXEMBOURG, May 31, 2018 — Future uses for liquid crystals (LCs) could range far beyond flat screen TVs to include applications for autonomous driving, anticounterfeiting technology, and a new class of sensors. Researchers from the University of Luxembourg, in collaboration...
Lasers Defuse WWII Duds
May 31, 2018 — There are some buried relics better left untouched. Seventy-five-year-old duds, or unexploded bombs, fall into that category. There are an estimated 60,000 tons still buried in the ground in Germany, according to the Hamburg fire brigade’s bomb...
Plasma-Lensing Effect Enables Observation of Pulsar 6500 Light-Years from Earth
TORONTO, May 30, 2018 — Astronomers from the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics have performed one of the highest-resolution observations in astronomical history by observing two intense regions of radiation, 20 km apart, around a star that is 6500 light-years...
Ultrastable Glass Layers Improve OLED Performance
BARCELONA, Spain, and DRESDEN, Germany, May 29, 2018 — Researchers demonstrated that it is possible to use ultrastable film formation to improve the performance of OLEDs. Emission layers of OLEDs were grown as ultrastable glasses, a growth condition that allowed for the most thermodynamically stable...
Graphene Biointerface Optically Controls Heart Cells
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., May 29, 2018 — Researchers have developed a technique that allows them to speed up or slow down human heart cells, on command, by shining a light on the cells and varying the light intensity. The optical stimulation platform does not require genetic modification...
Lidar Helps Yellowstone Manage Threatened Ecosystem
BOZEMAN, Mont., May 25, 2018 — Lidar could offer a fast, efficient way to locate and capture lake trout, an invasive, nonnative fish that is upending the ecosystem in Yellowstone Lake. Aircraft-mounted lidar could allow lake managers to hunt for invasive fish across a wider area...
Nagoya Team Finds Light Exposure Affects Inorganic Semi Material Performance
NAGOYA, Japan, May 24, 2018 — While essential for electronics, inorganic semiconductors are brittle — a quality that can limit their use, especially for flexible electronics. Researchers at Nagoya University have found that inorganic semiconductors become brittle when...
QCL-based IR Microscopy Performs Rapid Cancer Diagnosis
BOCHUM, Germany, May 23, 2018 — A quantum cascade laser-based IR microscope was used for the rapid, label-free classification of colorectal cancer tissues. IR imaging has been shown to be a reliable method for tissue classification. However, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...
Noncomposite Could Replace Polymers in Industrial Applications
KARLSRUHE, Germany, May 22, 2018 — A new technology could make it possible to produce and use high-quality glass materials in place of polymers. The innovation, known as Glassomer, could be used in optical, photonic, medical, and industrial applications. Glassomer is a solid...
Quantum-Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing Could Improve Biosensing, Chemical Detection
NORMAN, Okla., May 21, 2018 — Researchers used quantum states of light to enhance the sensitivities of plasmonic sensors. Results of the experiment could lead to enhanced ultratrace label-free plasmonic sensing for a range of applications. Plasmonic sensors have been shown to...
TFT Fabrication Method May Improve Display Technology
BINGHAMTON, N.Y., May 21, 2018 — An alternative to the traditional processes used to produce thin-film transistors (TFTs) could lead to improvements in LCD and OLED displays for TVs, smartphones, computers and tablets. Researchers grew a crystalline silicon thin film on buffered...
Multidisciplinary Initiative Investigates Light as an Energy Source
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., May 21, 2018 — An interdisciplinary group of scientists is embarking on a five-year project to explore the use of photoswitches to develop a next generation of devices that operate mechanically upon exposure to light. The goal of the $7.5M project, called the...
Quantum Scarring Theory Could Lead Way to Extended Quantum State
LEEDS, England, May 18, 2018 — An international team of researchers, led by the University of Leeds and in cooperation with the Institute of Science and Technology Austria and the University of Geneva, has provided a theoretical explanation for the unusual behavior of individual...
NIH Researchers Merge Microscopy Techniques for Faster Images
BETHESDA, Md., May 17, 2018 — To create sharper images more quickly, researchers blended instant structured illumination microscopy (iSIM) with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). The new technique, called instant TIRF-SIM, allows researchers to observe...
Ultrafast, Tunable Nanoparticle-Array Laser Could Speed Optical Switching
ESPOO, Finland, May 16, 2018 — Scientists combined organic dye material with metallic nanostructures (gold nanoparticles) to demonstrate ultrafast lasing with short, rapidly appearing laser pulses. Such ultrafast modulation speeds could be utilized in sensors and optical...
UNESCO Celebrates the First International Day of Light
PARIS, May 16, 2018 — UNESCO welcomes leading scientists on May 16 for the International Day of Light, to celebrate the role that light plays in our daily lives. Researchers and thought leaders will gather to discuss how light-based technologies can be used to meet...
Triboluminescence Used to Test for Drug Efficacy
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., May 16, 2018 — An instrument has been developed that uses triboluminescence (TL) to enable selective detection of trace crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions, used in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations to make the drug more efficacious. The...

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