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Fluorescent Probe Identifies Cancer Stem Cells in the Body
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Aug. 3, 2018 — A fluorescent probe, called AlDeSense, has demonstrated the ability to find and track cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cultures of multiple human cancer cell lines as well as in live mice. The new probe is a small molecule that binds to an enzyme (ALDH1A1) that is related to the property of stemness in cancer cells. The probe becomes activated and emits a fluorescent signal only when it reacts with the target enzyme, which CSCs produce in high concentrations. Researchers at the University of
UCLA Researchers Create All-Optical Diffractive Deep Neural Network That is 3D Printed
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 3, 2018 — Using a 3D printer, a research team at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering has created an artificial neural network that can analyze large volumes of data and identify objects at the speed of light. Called a diffractive deep neural network...
New Photodetector Enables NASA’s Thermal Imager
GREENBELT, Md., Aug. 2, 2018 — A compact thermal camera named the Compact Thermal Imager, or CTI, has been developed by NASA using photodetector technology known as strained-layer superlattice, or SLS. NASA's advanced detector technology, a strained-layer superlattice (SLS)...
Nanofabricated Metamaterial Could be Used in Solar Cells, Nano-Optics
MOSCOW, Aug. 2, 2018 — A new type of silicon metamaterial that has unique characteristics and is easy to manufacture promises a new direction in the development of metamaterials and their practical application to nano-optics and solar cells. Researchers from the National...
DIY Camera Tracking System Captures Plant Movement in Real Time
ST. PAUL, Minn., Aug. 2, 2018 — Farmers and plant breeders can now build their own automated field camera track system to collect data on dynamic plant traits, as changes occur. The do-it-yourself system can capture videos of plant movement under windy conditions and can capture...
Silicon Chip Distributes Optical Signals for Potential Use in Neural Networks
GAITHERSBURG, Md., July 31, 2018 — A silicon chip that distributes optical signals precisely across a miniature grid could lead to a novel design for neural networks. A research team from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) proposes to use light, rather than...
Physicists Show How Great Pyramid Can Focus Electromagnetic Energy
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia, July 31, 2018 — A study has revealed that the Great Pyramid of Giza can collect and concentrate electromagnetic energy. The results are a first step toward the further investigation of the Great Pyramid’s electromagnetic properties, said researchers. To...
Optical Fibers Can Detect Type of Materials Around Them
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, July 31, 2018 — Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS), because of its resonating transverse acoustic waves, has the potential to facilitate detections in an optical fiber’s surroundings. Researchers have now demonstrated a technique to measure the...
Researchers Use Silicon Photonics to Create Quantum Random Number Generator
BRISTOL, England, July 30, 2018 — A chip-based device measuring just 1 sq mm has demonstrated the potential to generate quantum-based random numbers at gigabit (Gb)-per-second speeds, using minimal power. The tiny device, which is enabled by silicon photonics, could be used as a...
AIM Photonics Academy Teaches Fundamentals, Design of Photonic Integrated Circuits
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July 30, 2018 — The American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics (AIM Photonics) is an industry-driven public-private partnership that focuses the nation’s premiere capabilities and expertise to capture critical global manufacturing leadership in...
Life-Size Holograms Revolutionize Videoconferencing
Jul 24, 2018 — Holograms are pretty much everywhere. You can find them in currency, at the doctor’s office, in entertainment, and in smartphone-based augmented reality. Many people may recall rap artist Tupac Shakur’s posthumous holographic “appearance” at the...
Narrow Spectrum Blue Light Images Progressive Effects of Fire
GAITHERSBURG, Md., July 24, 2018 — A simple method for increasing visibility through clean-burning flames, using ordinary blue LED light, could lead to new opportunities to perform optical metrology in fire research. The method combines narrow-spectrum, blue illumination, and matched...
Engineers Create New Tunable Laser Materials
LA JOLLA, Calif., July 24, 2018 — Engineers doped alumina (Al2O3) crystals with neodymium (Nd) ions to develop a new laser material capable of emitting ultrashort, high-power pulses. Their approach to materials processing resulted in a Nd-Al2O3 laser gain medium that has 24×...
Open Access to Medical Imaging Dataset Could Advance Computer-Aided Detection
BETHESDA, Md., July 23, 2018 — Researchers announce the open availability of the largest CT lesion-image database accessible to the public. DeepLesion, created by a team from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, could help foster the development of...
Optically Levitated Nanodumbbell Could Further Study of Quantum Mechanics
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., July 23, 2018 — Using levitated optomechanics, a man-made rotor has been created that can spin at 60 billion revolutions per minute. Such ultrafast rotation could be used to study material properties and probe vacuum friction. Researchers from Purdue University...
IR Sensor Could Measure Drug Efficacy, Aid Drug Discovery
BOCHUM, Germany, July 20, 2018 — Using an IR sensor, researchers have analyzed which active agents affect protein structure and how long the effect lasts. The method they used could one day be applied to the quick and targeted development of drugs with fewer side effects. Developed...
AIM Summer Academy on Integrated Photonics Takes Place July 23-27 at MIT
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July 20, 2018 — Next week, more than 60 women and men from around the world will gather in Cambridge, Mass., for a week of intensive short courses on integrated photonics. The AIM Summer Academy, which runs from July 23-27 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology...
Stanford Nears All-Optical Artificial Neural Network
STANFORD, Calif., July 19, 2018 — Researchers have shown that it is possible to train artificial neural networks directly on an optical chip. The research demonstrates that an optical circuit can perform a critical function of an electronics-based artificial neural network, and that...
Design Rules for Building Efficient Organic Solar Cells
LINKÖPING, Sweden, July 19, 2018 — Twenty-five researchers from seven research institutes in Europe, the U.S., and China have collaborated to draw up rules for designing high-efficiency organic solar cells. The design rules, which challenge some previously held ideas, have been...
Selective Light Transmission Could Advance Optical Computing
CHAPEL HILL, N.C., July 19, 2018 — A new way to select and send light of a specific color over long distances has been applied to development of a nanoscale “light switch” for turning on and turning off the transmission of one color of light. The technique, which uses...
Single-Photon Source Could Help Secure Quantum Data
SHEFFIELD, England, July 18, 2018 — Researchers have found a way to generate very rapid single-photon light pulses, a discovery that could be used to secure quantum data transfer. Single-photon pulses offer data security, because any attempt to intercept the data can be detected...
Device Offers Quantum-Compatible Link Between Microwave, Optical Domains
BOULDER, Colo., July 18, 2018 — A device that uses a small plate to absorb microwave energy and bounce it into laser light could provide a solution for sending quantum signals over long distances. Scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the University of Colorado Boulder and the...
Superman’s Heat Vision Inspires Ocular Lasers
Jul 17, 2018 — In the classic comic-book narrative, one of Superman’s many powers was “heat vision,” an ability to store solar energy in his eyes and emit it in fiery optic blasts, which were graphically depicted as lasers. As with so much of yesteryear’s science...
Nanoscope’s 3D Superresolution Reveals Alzheimer’s Source
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., July 17, 2018 — A superresolution nanoscope could enable 3D imaging of amyloid plaques — a characteristic feature of Alzheimer’s disease — with up to 10 times greater detail than conventional microscopes. Researchers at Purdue University combined active shaping of...
Fluorescent Fish Genes Could Help Uncover Source of Pediatric Cancer
HOUSTON, July 17, 2018 — A transgenic zebrafish that produces fluorescent tags in migratory embryonic nerve precursor cells could help lead researchers to the origins of neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer in which malignant cells form in immature nerve tissue. Undergraduate...

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