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Shining Lasers on Mouse Brains Advances Knowledge of Cells Central to Alzheimer’s, Schizophrenia
WASHINGTON, D.C., April 11, 2019 — Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia are some of the most common brain disorders and have been associated with problems in cells that contain a type of protein, called parvalbumin. Those cells account for almost one-tenth of all brain cells, but relatively little is known about what they do. Researchers have started to make surprising findings about how those cells work by stimulating mouse brains with lasers.
Spin Lasers Could Transfer Data Faster, Use Less Energy than Conventional Lasers
BOCHUM, Germany, April 11, 2019 — Currently, rapid data transfer via optical fiber is accomplished by transmitting light signals that code data by modulating the light intensity. Due to physical limitations, data transfer that is based on a modulation of light intensity, without...
Object Detection System Separates Range Resolution from Bandwidth Limitations
TEL AVIV, Israel, April 10, 2019 — A new Tel Aviv University (TAU) study investigates an approach to object detection, inspired by OCT, that requires little to no bandwidth to accurately create a high-resolution map of the environment within range of a radar system. The new system...
Compact Laser Detects Greenhouse Gases Using Mid-IR Source
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, April 10, 2019 — A system developed at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), composed of a standard laser and a photonic chip, uses a mid-infrared light source to detect greenhouse and other gases. The team took a commercially available fiber laser and...
Upgrades Hoped to Bring Better Results on LIGO’s Third Run
STANFORD, Calif., April 10, 2019 — LIGO, the world's largest gravitational-wave observatory, once considered a “total waste of money,” has nearly doubled its capability to detect gravitational waves and is now more sensitive than ever to the tiny ripples in spacetime generated when...
Metamaterials Embedded with Geometrical Optics Could Simplify Optical Devices
MEDFORD, Mass., April 9, 2019 — 3D-printed metamaterials developed by a Tufts University engineering team display properties not found in conventional materials. The fabrication methods used by the team demonstrate how stereolithography-based 3D printers can be used to create 3D...
Doctors Could Soon Use Light Therapy to Eradicate MRSA
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., April 9, 2019 — A treatment using blue light to eradicate MRSA could be in doctors’ hands in as little as two years.
Light and Sound Interactive to Host Influencers in AR, Gaming, and Photonics
Apr 8, 2019 — The Light and Sound Interactive (LSI) Conference, taking place June 25-27 in Rochester, NY, will connect entrepreneurs, and showcase emerging technologies in the realms of photonics, imaging, and audio. The event will take over the downtown area...
Adversarial Learning Techniques Test Image Detection Systems
SAN ANTONIO, April 8, 2019 — Engineers at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) are finding and documenting vulnerabilities in machine learning algorithms that can make objects “invisible” to image detection systems that use deep learning. Many of today’s...
Entanglement-Based QKD Could Secure Optical Fiber Networks
SINGAPORE, April 8, 2019 — A technique that will help pairs of light particles smoothly navigate optical fiber networks was performed over 10 km of Singtel’s fiber network. Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singtel are driving the project...
Photoacoustic Microscopy Used to Image Cancer Cells
PASADENA, Calif., April 5, 2019 — Researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) are investigating ways in which to better image cancer cells by using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), a technique that incorporates laser light to induce ultrasonic vibrations, which...
New Approach to LEDs Could Reduce Costs of Public Lighting
KARLSRUHE, Germany, April 5, 2019 — To increase LED streetlight efficiency, a team at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) developed an array of weaker LEDs to use as an alternative to conventional high-performance diodes. Streetlights with the new light heads will be tested in the...
Researchers Control Speed of Light in Free Space
ORLANDO, Fla., April 5, 2019 — Using a technique that someday help alleviate data congestion and prevent information loss, University of Central Florida (UCF) researchers have developed a way to speed up and slow down a light pulse. The new technique allows the speed of the pulse...
Researchers Pinpoint Origin of Photons in Gamma-Ray Bursts
WAKO, Japan, April 5, 2019 — Scientists from the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and their collaborators have shown that the photons emitted by long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate in the photosphere, that is, in the visible portion of the relativistic jet that is...
Muscle-Like Material Contracts When Illuminated
ST. LOUIS, April 5, 2019 — Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) developed the material that in experiments showed the ability to lift a weight by simply shining a light on it. Tests are being conducted to determine the polymer’s best use, but the main...
In New Material, Color and Thermal Properties Can Be Tuned Separately
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., April 4, 2019 — Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have optically engineered a polymer material to allow its color and thermal properties to be tailored independently of each other. The new films simultaneously provide light weight,...
New Glass Family Demonstrates High Refractive Index, UV-Shielding Properties
STATE COLLEGE, Pa., April 4, 2019 — A novel composition of germanosilicate glass, created by adding zinc oxide, has properties that could be valuable for lens applications. The new family of zinc germanosilicate glass was invented by a research group at The Pennsylvania State...
Low-Loss, All-Fiber System Supports Coupling Between Distant Atoms
TOKYO, April 3, 2019 — A team of scientists from Waseda University, the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the University of Auckland developed an integrated, all-fiber coupled-cavities quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, in which a meter-long portion of...
All-Dielectric Nanoantennas Enable Study of Temperature-Mediated Effects
VLADIVOSTOK, Russia, April 3, 2019 — Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) have devised a method for efficiently mass-producing silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) fully alloyed nanoantennas. The electron-beam lithography traditionally used for production is expensive and...
Light Therapy Could Help Prevent Vision Problems in Premature Infants
CINCINNATI, April 2, 2019 — The discovery of a light-dependent molecular pathway that regulates how blood vessels develop in the eye could lead to the use of light therapy to help premature infants, whose eyes are still developing, avoid vision problems. Called the opsin...
Computational Methods Enable Solid-State Lighting to Self-adjust
BARCELONA, Spain, April 2, 2019 — Researchers from the Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) and Ledmotive Technologies have developed a two-step approach to generate arbitrary spectral power distributions (SPDs) using multichannel LED engines. This approach could be used...
Particle Cavity Cooling Could Aid Quantum Effects Study
VIENNA, April 2, 2019 — A new method for cooling levitated nanoparticles using optical tweezers, discovered by researchers at the University of Vienna, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), could advance scientists’...
Multispectral Imaging Brings Lost Torah Text to Light
ROCHESTER, N.Y., April 2, 2019 — A University of Rochester professor uses different wavelengths of light to photograph and analyze cultural artifacts using digital imagery to salvage objects, such as the Hebrew Torah, whose legibility has deteriorated over time.
Liquid Crystals Could Help Protect Against Laser Pointer Attacks
ROMEOVILLE, Ill., April 1, 2019 — Liquid crystals could someday be used to help deflect laser pointer attacks on aircraft, regardless of the wavelength used in the attack. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, 6,754 laser strikes on aircraft were reported in 2017. The...
Metalens Design Enables Reconfigurable Imaging
EVANSTON, Ill., March 29, 2019 — A Northwestern University research team has developed an imaging platform based on fully reconfigurable metalenses. The lenses focus light by exciting surface lattice resonances that are tuned by patterned polymer blocks on single-particle sites....

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