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Research & Technology News

Optical Clock Uses Laser Tweezers to Manipulate Atoms
BOULDER, Colo., Sept. 20, 2019 — JILA physicists have demonstrated a new atomic clock design that uses laser tweezers to trap, control, and isolate atoms. The tweezers are created by an IR laser beam aimed through a microscope. The beam is deflected to create 10 spots of light for trapping individual strontium atoms. The traps are refilled every few seconds from a prechilled cloud of atoms overlapped with the tweezer light. The atoms held by the tweezers are excited by a laser that is stabilized by a silicon crystal
Deep Tissue Project Expected to Boost 3-Photon Microscopy
EDINBURGH, Scotland, Sept. 19, 2019 — Heriot-Watt University is collaborating with laser specialist Chromacity Ltd. and microscope manufacturer Scientifica on the development of a laser designed for deep tissue analysis. Once completed, the laser could have applications in regenerative...
Sensor Detects Buried Objects from Moving Vehicle
OXFORD, Miss., Sept. 17, 2019 — A new laser-based sensor, developed by a team at the University of Mississippi, can detect buried objects such as land mines even while the detector is in motion. The new device, called a Laser Multi Beam Differential Interferometric Sensor...
Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy Approach Improves Precision
BEIJING, Sept. 17, 2019 — An interferometric, single-molecule localization method for superresolution fluorescence microscopy, developed by scientists at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, could significantly improve localization precision...
Ultrablack Coating Is 10× Darker Than Other Very Black Materials
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 16, 2019 — MIT engineers have developed a material that they say is 10× blacker than anything that has previously been reported. The material is made from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes that the team grew on a surface of sodium chloride-etched aluminum...
Optical Lace Could Give Robots Higher Tactile Capabilities
ITHACA, N.Y., Sept. 16, 2019 — Optical lace — lacings of stretchable optical fibers distributed throughout 3D-printed elastomer frameworks — could be used to create a linked sensory network similar to a biological nervous system that would enable soft robots to sense how they...
Compressive Sensing Techniques Speed 2-Photon Microscopy
HONG KONG, Sept. 16, 2019 — To enhance the imaging speed of two-photon microscopy without compromising resolution, researchers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong combined compressive imaging techniques with a multifocus laser illumination method that uses a digital...
Researchers Remove Obstruction to Single-Photon Emission in Quantum Dots
BOCHUM, Germany, Sept. 13, 2019 — Quantum dots (QDs) are an efficient interface between matter and light and could potentially form the basis of quantum communications. However, their signal can be obstructed by structures that form by default during their manufacture. Researchers...
Device Generates Renewable Electricity from Cold Night Sky
LOS ANGELES and PALO ALTO, Calif., Sept. 13, 2019 — An inexpensive thermoelectric device demonstrated the ability to power an LED at night by harnessing the cold of space to generate electricity. Such a device could be used for power generation in remote locations and to produce renewable electricity...
2-Level Optogenetic Device Could Broaden Options for Large-Mammal Studies
GLASGOW, Scotland, and SALT LAKE CITY, Sept. 13, 2019 — An implantable optrode array, developed by researchers at the University of Strathclyde and the University of Utah, is capable of exciting below-surface neurons in large mammal brains both by structured-light delivery and by large-volume...
Terahertz Heterodyne Detection with Graphene Could Power Space Telescopes
GOTHENBURG, Sweden, Sept. 11, 2019 — Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have demonstrated a terahertz (THz) detector made from graphene for use in next-generation astronomy detectors. A near zero-electron scenario, called Dirac point, was realized in graphene by...
NIST Automates and Upgrades Its LED Photometry Lab
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Sept. 11, 2019 — The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has improved the accuracy and speed of its calibration service for assessing the brightness of LED lamps and other solid-state lighting products. Customers for this service include LED lamp...
Perfect Soliton Crystals Boost Performance of Microresonators
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, Sept. 10, 2019 — École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) scientists have bypassed light-bending losses that can occur when light pulses exit an optical microresonator, and have uncoupled the pulse repetition rate from the microresonator size by generating...
Mathematical Model Based on Maxwell’s Equations Leads to Discovery of New Lightwave
EDINBURGH, Scotland, Sept. 9, 2019 — Equations developed by physicist James Clerk Maxwell have helped to reveal how crystals can be manipulated to produce a distinctive form of lightwave. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh and Pennsylvania State University made the discovery...
Single-Nanowire Spectrometer Works Separately from Components
CAMBRIDGE, England, Sept. 9, 2019 — Scientists at the University of Cambridge have developed a microspectrometer based on a single, compositionally engineered nanowire that is independent of the complex optical components or cavities that tend to constrain further miniaturization of...
Biomaterial from Bacteria Shows Promise for Photonic Applications
HOUSTON, Sept. 9, 2019 — An international research team showed that a material created using tellurium nanorods, which are produced by naturally occurring bacteria, could be an effective nonlinear optical material that is capable of protecting electronic devices against...
Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Provides 1-nm Resolution
BERLIN, Sept. 6, 2019 — Tip-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (TERRS) has been demonstrated by a research team at Fritz-Haber Institute. The results suggest that TERRS could offer a new approach for the atomic-scale optical characterization of local electronic states....
MWIR Laser Enables Study of High-Explosive Detonations
TUCSON, Ariz., and RICHLAND, Wash., Sept. 5, 2019 — Scientists at the University of Arizona and Pacific Northwest National Laboratories used a broadly tunable swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser (swept-ECQCL) operating in the midwave infrared (MWIR) spectral region to measure...
Differential Detection Improves Accuracy in Diffractive Optical Neural Networks
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 4, 2019 — Improvements to an optical neural network being designed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) take advantage of the parallelization and scalability of optical-based computational systems. The system uses a series of 3D-printed layers...
Injected Nanoparticles Could Enable Sight Beyond Visible Spectrum
WORCESTER, Mass., Sept. 3, 2019 — No mammalian photoreceptor can effectively detect light that exceeds 700 nm, and mammals are unable to see near-infrared (NIR) light or to project a NIR image to the brain. To enable the detection of longer wavelength light in mammals, scientists at...
DOE Awards $60.7M Funding for Quantum Computing, Communications Projects
WASHINGTON, D.C., Sept. 2, 2019 — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has announced $60.7 million in funding to advance the development of quantum computing and networking. Funding of $47 million will be provided for three 5-year projects aimed at accelerating progress in quantum...
Quantum Entanglement Sent Over 50 Km of Optical Fiber
INNSBRUCK, Austria, Aug. 30, 2019 — A team from the University of Innsbruck and the Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences has achieved what could be a record for the transfer of quantum entanglement between matter (a trapped ion) and...
All-Optical Neural Network Uses Parallel Computation to Speed Problem-Solving
HONG KONG, Aug. 30, 2019 — In a step toward making large-scale optical neural networks practical, researchers at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have demonstrated a multilayer all-optical artificial neural network.
Computational Imaging Tools Improve Lateral OCT Resolution
DURHAM, N.C., Aug. 30, 2019 — A new technique called optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT) is able to increase the resolution of OCT down to a single micrometer in all directions, even in a living patient.
Welding with Pulsed Lasers Protects Temperature-Sensitive Materials
LA JOLLA, Calif., Aug. 29, 2019 — A new ceramic welding technology developed by engineers at the University of California, San Diego and the University of California, Riverside uses a series of short, ultrafast laser pulses to melt ceramic materials along the interface between two...

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