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Research & Technology News

Raman Spectroscopy Helps to Decrease Engine Emissions
NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Engineers at Vanderbilt University are using Raman spectroscopy to analyze combustion in direct injection gasoline engines -- research that could lead to decreased pollution. Direct injection engines differ from conventional spark ignition engines in that they draw fuel into the cylinder late in the compression stroke, making them run more efficiently. But they do not burn the gasoline as completely as conventional engines, so they produce more pollution. Determin...
Raytheon Completes Testing of Digital Flight Data Recorder
May 1, 1999 — The black box aboard commercial aircraft often proves instrumental in re-creating events leading up to an accident. Raytheon Co. has developed an advanced digital flight data recording system that will gather more information on pilot operation and...
Siemens Demonstrates 1.2 Tb/s Transmission over One Optical Fiber
May 1, 1999 — Siemens Information and Communications Networks in Boca Raton, Fla., has taken a step toward increasing the speed and data capacity over fiber optic networks by demonstrating transmission rates of 1.2 Tb/s over one 80-km-long optical fiber....
Sky-Bound Lidar Offers Tool for Weather Projections
BOULDER, Colo. -- BOULDER, Colo. -- Weather forecasting is getting a helping hand as scientists develop systems that take lidar to the sky. Projects such as the Multicenter Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor and the Space Readiness Coherent Lidar Experiment...
Technique Takes Deeper Look at Paper
JYVÄSKYLÄ, Finland — When papermakers cook up a new recipe for paper, they want to be sure it's going to work right before making reams and reams of it. Chemists at the University of Jyväskylä have developed spectroscopic techniques to get a three-dimensional analysis...
Test-Tube Photosynthesis Turns Water into Oxygen
May 1, 1999 — One of the great mysteries in nature is how plants use sunlight to turn water into oxygen. A group from Yale University in New Haven, Conn., has engineered a device that could help researchers better understand this complex phenomenon. The group...
Trans-Atlantic Cable Will Link Europe with Americas
May 1, 1999 — Global Crossing Ltd. in Hamilton, Bermuda, has announced plans to implement Atlantic Crossing 2, an undersea fiber optic cable linking the major cities of Europe with those of North America, South America and Asia. Atlantic Crossing 2 will be added...
Two-Photon Absorption Could Advance 3-D Data Storage
TUCSON, Ariz. -- TUCSON, Ariz. -- Molecules that can simultaneously absorb two photons efficiently may soon find uses in three-dimensional fluore scence imaging, optical data storage and lithographic microfabrication, according to University of Arizona researchers....
Adaptive Optics Maps out Retina
Apr 1, 1999 — Researchers at the University of Rochester have turned Star Wars-era technology designed to clarify images from spy satellites into a method that can image the human retina, with surprising results. "With this method, we can now go from imaging...
Interferometric Switch Overcomes Limitations
Apr 1, 1999 — Despite improvements in conventional semiconductor optical amplifier-based interferometric switches used for telecom applications such as demultiplexing and add/drop multiplexing, limitations remain. These switches suffer from poor linearity,...
Laser Camera Illuminates Ultrasonic Waves
Apr 1, 1999 — Conventional ultrasound techniques require that a transducer be attached to a sample surface for both signal generation and detection. Laser ultrasound, which uses one laser pulse to generate a signal and another to detect small surface...
Laser Imaging Sees the Pulse Racing
Apr 1, 1999 — A laser imaging system is helping researchers to better understand how blood flows through an artificial heart. Researchers use particle image velocimetry to study blood flow through a mechanical heart, and to pinpoint areas that could cause blood...
Lasers Bond Difficult Plastics
Apr 1, 1999 — Researchers have devised a laser technique that bonds thermoplastics without using environmentally unfriendly pretreatments. The method -- developed by the Warwick Manufacturing Group at the University of Warwick -- promises to take less time and...
Lasers Make Rails Safer for Travel
Apr 1, 1999 — Researchers at the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have developed a laser glazing technique that could reduce costs, pollution and danger in railroad systems. Rails are plagued with subsurface cracks that multiply parallel...
Lidar Shows How Pollutants Stack up
Apr 1, 1999 — Researchers at the University of Lyon are using lidar to create a three-dimensional map of air pollution. Although lidar has been used to map the atmospheric distribution of such noxious gases as nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone, the...
Light Stamp Simplifies Lithography
Apr 1, 1999 — As the semiconductor industry struggles to expand optical lithography's capabilities and decide on the next-generation tool, one research group has come up with an alternative. A team at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory has developed a relatively...
Mars Photos Show Volcanic Activity
Apr 1, 1999 — NASA's Mars Global Surveyor has snapped photos that suggest horizontal layers extend deep into Mars' canyons, a sign that volcanic activity played a pivotal role in the early geology of the planet, according to a report in the Feb. 18 issue of...
Memory Cell Seizes the Light
Apr 1, 1999 — As useful as light is, it's not the easiest thing to keep hold of. Storing light for any substantial amount of time for later use is difficult, and current methods are less than optimal. Solutions such as bouncing the light back and forth in a...
Novel Method Puts CMOS Imagers in Stitches
Apr 1, 1999 — In the battle of the image sensors, Tower Semiconductor Inc. of Migdal Haemek, Israel, has developed a production method that should help complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors compete with charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The foundry...
One at a Time, Please
Apr 1, 1999 — Photons are gregarious. Unlike electrons, photons have no trouble congregating. For most applications, that's not a problem. However, this behavior makes it difficult to fill regular time slots with a single photon. Microscopic posts act as...
Passive IR Spectroscopy Monitors Volcanic Gases
Apr 1, 1999 — One of the most a ctive volcanoes in the world could provide researchers with important insights into processes deep within the Earth and lead to more accurate forecasts of eruptions. The problem with studying volcanic gases is the need for direct...
Physicists Bring Light to a Crawl
Apr 1, 1999 — Light travels in a vacuum at 186,282 miles a second. Experiments at the Rowland Institute for Science have slowed that speed 20 million times, essentially allowing light to travel along a typical suburban throughway without getting a speeding fine....
Researchers Unveil Ultrafast, All-Optical Switch
Apr 1, 1999 — Ultrafast, all-optical switches have generated a lot of interest for future optical communication systems and optical processing, particularly in their application in optical demultiplexers for time-division-multiplexed communications. A group...
Small World Photo Competition Seeks Entries
Apr 1, 1999 — Nikon Inc. is soliciting entries for its 25th Annual Nikon International Small World Photo Competition. Each participant may submit up to three 35-mm transparencies of photos taken through a light microscope. Digitally captured photos are accepted,...
Software Enhances Grainy Security Videos
Apr 1, 1999 — The images are familiar: a burglar caught in the act by a convenience store's security camera. As useful as these security tapes are, they are often too grainy to erase doubts about a suspect's identity. A software package developed by the US...

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