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(9,093 items)
Research & Technology News
Super-Gaussian Distribution Produced in CO2 Laser
Mar 1, 2002 — Physicists from Moscow State University and from the adaptive optics group of the Institute on Laser and Information Technologies at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Shatura have produced specified fourth- and sixth-order super-Gaussian fundamental modes from a continuous-wave CO2 laser for power output 10 to 12 percent greater than that of a normal Gaussian fundamental mode. The method, reported in the Nov. 20 issue of Applied Optics, used a water-cooled, bimorph flexible mirror inside...
X-Rays May Pluck Pairs from Vacuum
Mar 1, 2002 — According to quantum electrodynamics, a vacuum is never empty but rather is seething with virtual pairs of electrons and positrons. A team from Universität Tübingen in Tübingen, Germany, and Argonne National Laboratory in Argonne, Ill., predicts...
'Bar Code' Tags Aid Bioanalysis
Feb 1, 2002 — Biochemical reactions involve hundreds, sometimes thousands, of unique molecules. Fluorescent markers can be targeted toward specific molecules, but only a handful of spectrally distinct markers can feasibly be identified simultaneously in solution....
Fast Protons Generated with Double-Layer Foil Targets
Feb 1, 2002 — Using 1-ps pulses from an Nd:glass laser, researchers have shown that double-layer thin foils containing a high atomic number front layer and a low atomic number, hydrogen-rich back layer can generate fast protons with greater energies and current...
Function Designed to Authenticate Name Seals
Feb 1, 2002 — In China, a person must have a name seal to perform everyday functions such as withdrawing money from a bank, but visually authenticating the seals can take 5 to 10 minutes. To speed up the process, researchers from Yuan Ze University in Taiwan have...
Infiltrated Crystal Offers Tunable Bandgap
Feb 1, 2002 — Researchers in Katsumi Yoshino's group at Osaka University in Suita, Japan, have demonstrated photonic bandgap tunability in synthetic opal infiltrated with liquid crystal. They also have produced a tunable inverse opal, promising applications in...
InP Nanowires Act as Detectors
Feb 1, 2002 — They have been shown to work as LEDs, but indium-phosphide nanowires may also find a place in optical interconnects. A research team at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., has discovered that the nanowires exhibit different optical properties...
Interference Photolithography Produces Photonic Crystals
Feb 1, 2002 — A team from Pennsylvania State University in University Park has developed an interference-photolithography method to produce 2-D photonic crystal structures. The scientists fabricated the 0.8- to 2.0-µm-period titania arrays by exposing a...
Laser Assesses Particle Charge in Plasma
Feb 1, 2002 — Understanding the charge carried by particles in plasma is of keen interest to those investigating plasma environments ranging from thin-film production to interstellar clouds. However, most experimental methods of testing this property require a...
Laser Controls Surface Reactions
Feb 1, 2002 — The ability to manage the location and timing of chemical reactions is key to advanced industrial and biochemical processes. A new laser technique promises unprecedented control over surface reactions. Although it is relatively easy to create the...
Laser Cooling Crystallizes Ion Beams
Feb 1, 2002 — Beams of accelerated ions are important tools in the investigation of atomic structures. The problem is that the ions collide while being accelerated and while in a magnetic storage ring, which reduces the quality of the beam. Now researchers at...
MEMS Adaptive Optics Offer 11,000 Iterations per Second
Feb 1, 2002 — Mirrors based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) promise to meet the requirements of adaptive optics, but standard control-system architectures cannot fully utilize their speed and size advantages. A new integrated MEMS mirror array and very...
Microfacet Laser Displays 0.3-mW, 401-nm Operation
Feb 1, 2002 — Group III nitrides such as AlN, GaN and InN feature wide, direct bandgaps that make them particularly useful for ultraviolet and visible laser diodes. However, the conventional mirror-fabrication techniques tend to produce facets that are neither...
Microstructured Fibers Reviewed
Feb 1, 2002 — Microstructured optical fibers are not new, but interest has revived because of their potential applications in fields such as optical communications and optical coherence tomography. In an article in the Dec. 17 issue of Optics Express, researchers...
Modeling Optimizes MOEMS Production
Feb 1, 2002 — Miniaturized optoelectronic systems are an attractive choice for applications from telecommunications to inertial sensing. The setup costs for manufacturing micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) are high, however, and economies of scale...
Pathogen Detector Employs Photoacoustics
Feb 1, 2002 — Two universities and two firms in Washington state are developing equipment that uses photoacoustics to monitor air for potentially deadly biological agents in environments ranging from mailrooms to airports. Eastern Washington University in...
Photonic Gauge Has 0.03 °C Resolution
Feb 1, 2002 — Researchers have developed a way to take the temperature of a fluid on a tiny scale and with a light touch. The technique could have applications in microfluidic systems, the labs-on-a-chip that promise to revolutionize analytical chemistry and...
Polymer Coating Protects Immersed Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensors
Feb 1, 2002 — Pesky protein and microorganism buildup can foul up fiber optic oxygen sensors during long-term, continuous immersion in aqueous media, leading to drift and sensor failure. But researchers have discovered that polymer coatings containing...
Polymer May Offer Switching Solutions
Feb 1, 2002 — An organic polymer and liquid crystal waveguide device under development by a team of researchers in Italy and Sweden promises applications in integrated optical circuits and in all-optical switches for telecommunications. If proved commercially...
Quantum Dot Lasers Remain Stable
Feb 1, 2002 — Quantum dot lasers are, by nature, more thermally stable than quantum well lasers. Their confinement of a limited number of electrons and holes also limits thermal carrier distribution. Used as an active region for semiconductor lasers, quantum dots...
Reagents Crafted to Detect Chemical Properties
Feb 1, 2002 — A reagent containing intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays that colorimetrically indicate levels of pH, temperature and Pb2+ concentrations in solutions has been designed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh. According to...
Researchers Spectrally Model Butterfly Wings
Feb 1, 2002 — In the past, researchers have tried to model butterfly wings as simple, planar thin-film structures to gain insight about their radiative effects, but they have produced results that fail to explain the blue iridescence of the Morpho menelaus. The...
Spectrometer Enables Better Plasma Displays
Feb 1, 2002 — Until now, the study of suitable phosphors for plasma display panels has been trial and error because no device has been sensitive enough to investigate their properties. But researchers at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan, have developed an...
Spectrometry Identifies Fungi
Feb 1, 2002 — The emerging field of phyloproteomics seeks to categorize the relationships between microorganisms by the mass of their respective proteins. Now researchers at the University of Maryland in College Park have used matrix-assisted laser...
Thin Film Blows Hot and Cold
Feb 1, 2002 — Some like it hot, some like it cold, but everybody likes it efficient. That's why a new thin-film thermoelectric material is attracting attention. It responds 23,000 times faster than the material in bulk and offers hundreds of times the cooling...
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July 2024
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