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Research & Technology News
Speckle Patterns Offer Secure Code Keys
Nov 1, 2002 — To ensure that secrets stay secret, information should flow easily in one direction but not in the reverse. Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge suggest that using the speckle patterns that arise when a laser beam shines through a transparent inhomogeneous substance may provide this asymmetry. The result, according to the MIT group, is an authentication key that is secure, accurate, tamper-resistant and inexpensive. Random speckle patterns offer a physical...
Time-Reversal Mirror Offers Subwavelength Focusing
Nov 1, 2002 — Two researchers at Université Paris VII have reported that they have used an acoustic time-reversal mirror to achieve focal spots of less than λ/14. Although the experiment involved sound waves, the scientists are investigating the suitability...
Ultrafast Laser Chisels Lens Inside Glass
Nov 1, 2002 — In the classic magic trick, a magician asks a member of the audience to select a random card from a deck, and then seems to miraculously transport that card into a solid piece of ice or glass. Japanese researchers have performed their own version of...
UV/Blue Lasing Observed in Nanowires
Nov 1, 2002 — Building on earlier research that used near-field microscopy to capture lasing action of single ZnO nanowire arrays, scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, now have observed and characterized UV and blue laser action in single gallium...
Video Catches Bubbles in Waves
Nov 1, 2002 — Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, in La Jolla have employed high-speed imaging to quantify the formation of bubbles in breaking waves. A better understanding of the process, which affects...
X-ray Imaging Offers High Spatial Resolution
Nov 1, 2002 — Building on the fact that x-ray illumination excites electrons that generate photochromic effects, a large photoconductivity and a bulk photovoltaic current, a research team at the University of Bonn in Germany designed an x-ray imaging system with...
1-m Membrane Developed for Space Telescopes
Oct 1, 2002 — Improvements to higher-resolution optical systems for space deployment are dependent upon the development of lighter weight and less expensive primary mirrors. Researchers from the US Air Force Academy in Colorado and L'Garde Inc. in Tustin, Calif.,...
Acid-Developed Film Yields High Resolution
Oct 1, 2002 — Photographs created with silver-halide film soon may be as much a memory as the moments they captured. Researchers at Polaroid Corp. in Waltham, Mass., have developed film that can capture higher resolution images than traditional film and that can...
Actuator Demonstrated in Optical Switch
Oct 1, 2002 — An ideal microelectromechanical actuator would combine performance and economy. Researchers from the Electronics and Telecom Research Institute in Taejon, South Korea, have developed a laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator that may fit the...
Altimetry Reveals High Glacial Melting Rates
Oct 1, 2002 — After comparing geological survey data from the 1950s to the early '70s with recent airborne laser altimetry data, scientists at the University of Alaska Fairbanks have found that Alaskan glaciers may have made the largest single glaciological...
Blue Laser Diode Improves Fluorescence Imaging
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at London's Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine have developed a wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging system that can simultaneously sample up to 36 wells on a multiwell plate. The technique, which employs a blue...
Diffractive Optics Target Mid-IR Imaging
Oct 1, 2002 — Advances in detector technology and improvements in signal processing electronics have led to reductions in the mass and volume of infrared imaging systems. But these dramatic changes had not been matched by an equivalent reduction in the size and...
Diode Lasers Image Terahertz Beam in 2-D
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at Columbia University in New York and NEC Research Institute in Princeton, N.J., have demonstrated two-dimensional terahertz imaging using two slightly detuned continuous-wave diode lasers that serve as the optical source for both...
Electron Wave Packets Steered by Light
Oct 1, 2002 — Austrian and German researchers have demonstrated that the speed of x-ray-generated photoelectron wave packets can be controlled by a strong laser field. They produced soft x-ray bursts several hundred attoseconds long by pumping neon gas with 7-fs,...
Encryption Protocol Sensitive to Eavesdroppers
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated a six-state protocol that makes eavesdroppers on quantum encrypted...
Excitons Form Condensate
Oct 1, 2002 — A new Bose-Einstein condensate formed from excitons rather than from atoms could extend the study of quantum properties. As reported in the Aug. 15 issue of Nature, physicists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., set the...
Excitons Form Luminescent Rings
Oct 1, 2002 — Two independent teams have reported observing photoluminescent rings from indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells. Excitons are boson particles similar to a hydrogen atom, except with a charge hole instead of a proton. Indirect excitons are...
Laser Diode Emits Yellow-Green Light
Oct 1, 2002 — MgZnCdSe-based II-VI compounds have great potential for use in visible-wavelength laser diodes. Until recently, however, researchers had been unable to achieve lasing with these semiconductors because there were no suitable P-type cladding layers....
Laser Pulses Move Bubble in Solid
Oct 1, 2002 — Femtosecond laser pulses can move a microscopic bubble inside solids, report scientists from Osaka University in Japan in the July 15 issue of Optics Express. They focused a Ti:sapphire laser producing 130-fs, 800-nm pulses at a depth of 200 µm...
Lithography Creates AlGaAs Microdiscs
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers from the University of Hamburg in Germany have fabricated large periodic arrays of AlGaAs semiconductor microdiscs using laser-interference lithography, reactive-ion etching and selective wet-chemical etching of GaAs with a...
Metal Nanoparticles Offer New Imaging Method
Oct 1, 2002 — As biochemical investigations focus on ever-smaller structures, methods for detecting elements as small as single molecules must be developed. The ideal label would be small enough to have no impact on molecular activity, yet would have a constant...
Nanotubes May Make Good Switches
Oct 1, 2002 — Ultrafast all-optical switches likely will be integral to future time-division-multiplexing communications and free-space optical computing systems. The nonlinear optical properties of carbon nanotubes suggest that these structures may be useful for...
Optical Fiber Measures Two-Photon Fluorescence
Oct 1, 2002 — Scientists at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor have performed real-time, two-photon fluorescence measurements in vitro using a single optical fiber. Employing an 830-nm, 80-fs pulsed laser cycling at 80 MHz as an excitation source, they...
Optical Switch Offers 1.4-dB Loss
Oct 1, 2002 — Optical telecom networks have relied on electronic switching, but all-optical switching presents an attractive alternative because it is less expensive, takes up less space and consumes less power. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been...
Phase Contrast Produces Dynamic, Multiple-Beam Optical Tweezers
Oct 1, 2002 — Using generalized, phase-contrast-based encoding onto a spatial light modulator, researchers at the Risø National Laboratory in Roskilde, Denmark, have demonstrated a nonmechanical method to produce an array of optical trapping beams whose position,...
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July 2024
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