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Research & Technology News

Fluorescence Detects Atmospheric NO2
Feb 1, 2003 — The atmospheric content of NO2 can serve as an indicator of air pollution, ozone depletion and even a change in climate. So it's no surprise that the Environmental Protection Agency requires states to monitor atmospheric levels of the gas. The problem is that most commercial air-monitoring systems do not indicate true levels. Instead, the result is often a measure of a mix of NO, NO2 and other components. They also can be limited in their capability to accurately monitor daytime concentrations...
Free-Electron Laser Pulses Studied
Feb 1, 2003 — Using the frequency-resolved optical gating method, researchers at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois have measured the phase and amplitude of 530-nm light pulses produced by self-amplified spontaneous emission in the Advanced Photon Source...
Hybridization Improves Photonic Crystals
Feb 1, 2003 — Combining different photonic crystal lattices greatly enhances the performance of optical devices based on the structures, report engineers at the University of Delaware in Newark. In the Dec. 1 issue of Applied Optics, they present simulations of...
In-Well Optical System Offers Time-Lapse Seismic Imaging
Feb 1, 2003 — Weatherford International and its Optoplan group in Trondheim, Norway, have completed the installation of a multistation fiber optic seismic imaging and monitoring array in a well at Izaute Gas Storage in the southwest of France. The tubing-conveyed...
Inspection Systems Monitor Trains
Feb 1, 2003 — The Intercity Express trains in Germany travel at speeds up to 330 km/h, faster than a jet at takeoff. To support such speeds, inspection of the wheels is crucial so that defects may be detected early and remedied immediately, but until recently,...
Ladar Images in Three Dimensions
Feb 1, 2003 — Technology is increasingly important on the battlefield. Now scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington have developed a three-dimensional imaging ladar system for tactical applications. The system offers...
Laser Diode Beam Equalized into Circular Shape
Feb 1, 2003 — Using the twist effect of graded-index fiber optics, scientists at Mitsubishi Electric Corp. in Amagasaki, Japan, have converted an asymmetric laser diode beam into a circular one. Beam qualities went from M2 of 500 in the slow axis and 4 in the...
Laser Safety Board Offers Officer Exam
Feb 1, 2003 — The Board of Laser Safety in Orlando, Fla., a nonprofit organization affiliated with the Laser Institute of America, is offering a certified laser safety officer examination. Requirements for taking the exam include a four-year degree from an...
Liquid Crystal Device Corrects Wavefronts
Feb 1, 2003 — A multinational team of researchers from P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara State University and Volga Region National Academy of Information and Telecommunications, all in Samara, Russia, TU Delft in the Netherlands and the University of...
Microlenses Offer Atom Interferometers
Feb 1, 2003 — A team at Universität Hannover in Germany has produced interferometer structures for atoms by focusing the near-IR output of a Ti:sapphire laser through arrays of microlenses to generate patterns of optical dipole potentials. The work, which...
Nanowire Heterostructures Form Tunneling Diodes
Feb 1, 2003 — Continuing their research into nanoscale semiconductor heterostructures known as nanowires, a team at Lund University in Sweden has produced one-dimensional resonant tunneling diodes that display nearly ideal current-to-voltage characteristics. The...
Nichia, Sony Jointly Develop 405-nm Diodes
Feb 1, 2003 — Nichia Corp. of Anan, Japan, and Sony Corp. of Tokyo have announced a cooperative agreement under which they will develop 405-nm laser diodes for use in optical video recording applications. The companies hope to offer the lasers in mass quantities...
Organic LED Features Quantum Dots
Feb 1, 2003 — A quantum-dot sandwich on the menu at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge promises to boost the performance of organic LEDs. The device, which features a layer of CdSe nanocrystals squeezed between two organic thin films, displays a...
Photonic Crystal Improves Mid-IR Generation
Feb 1, 2003 — A photonic crystal designed into a silicon wafer promises users the ability to controllably generate radiation at mid-infrared wavelengths. The emitter, developed by Ion Optics Inc. in Waltham, Mass., in conjunction with researchers at the Jet...
Probes Enhance Microscopy
Feb 1, 2003 — Researchers at Max Planck Institut für Biochemie in Martinsried, Germany, have developed a probe design that improves the resolution of near-field scanning optical microscopes. The tip-on-aperture probes combine the benefits of aperture and...
Proteins Used in Nanoscale Templates
Feb 1, 2003 — The future of electronic and photonic devices will be based on two-dimensional arrays of quantum dots, according to a team of researchers. The scientists, based at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., the SETI Institute in Mountain...
Quantum Wire Exhibits Lasing
Feb 1, 2003 — Gallium-arsenide quantum wires produced with a novel crystal growth technique have demonstrated single-mode lasing. At low energies, one-dimensional active gain regions are expected to have a higher density of states than their two- or...
Simulation Reveals Ablation Mechanisms
Feb 1, 2003 — To better understand laser ablation, researchers at the University of Montreal have developed a novel method to simulate thermodynamic trajectories of groups of atoms in a solid. The behavior of the atoms reveals the instabilities that result in the...
Trapping Center Controls Spin Direction
Feb 1, 2003 — In continuing work on the development of optically driven micromotors, physicists at Kyoto University in Japan have demonstrated that the location of the trapping center determines the direction of rotation of a chiral object. They reported their...
Triangular-Aperture Probe Boosts Resolution
Feb 1, 2003 — Researchers at Universität Münster in Germany have demonstrated a probe for near-field scanning optical microscopy that effectively doubles resolution capability without compromising brightness. They presented the triangular-aperture probe in the...
Two-Photon Process Probes Circuits
Feb 1, 2003 — Sometimes two photons are better than one. A new two-photon-absorption technique developed at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington for testing the radiation sensitivity of semiconductors could lead to more robust integrated circuits for...
Waveguide Generates Coherent EUV
Feb 1, 2003 — Nonlinear optics can convert laser light from one wavelength to another, but the process often requires phase matching to be efficient. Unfortunately, in high-harmonic generation of coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation, it has not been possible to...
White Organic LED Has Single Emission Layer
Feb 1, 2003 — Researchers at Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan, have fabricated a bright-white organic LED with a single emission layer. With a simple three-layer structure, the device generated white light with maximum brightness approaching 42,000 cd/m2 at 14 V...
Deposition Achieves 12 nm/cycle
Jan 1, 2003 — A team of scientists at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., has demonstrated an atomic layer deposition process that yields conformal layers of amorphous silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide nanolaminates at a rate of 12 nm per 30-second cycle....
Diffractive Optics Produce Pseudoscopic Images
Jan 1, 2003 — Physicists at Universidade Estadual de Campinas in Brazil have generated pseudoscopic images using a pair of diffractive optical elements and a slit. They suggest that the findings, which they reported in the Nov. 18 Optics Express, indicate that...

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