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Research & Technology News

Terahertz Laser Diodes Display Single-Mode Operation
Jul 1, 2004 — Researchers at the National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology and Scuola Normale Superiore, both in Pisa, Italy; and at Cambridge University and at the University of Leeds, both in the UK, have fabricated distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers operating in the terahertz range that display single-mode operation and peak output powers of up to 1.8 mW. They suggest that the work may have applications in the development of terahertz lasers for spectroscopy related to astronomical...
Tungsten Inverse Opal Investigated
Jul 1, 2004 — University of Toronto researchers have reported the fabrication of an inverse opal film from tungsten. At the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) in San Francisco in May, Georg von Freymann described the work, which included the...
Waveguide Length Affects High-Harmonic Quality
Jul 1, 2004 — A study of the relationship between high-harmonic generation and the length of the gas-filled waveguides in which it occurs promises researchers the tools to develop better sources of coherent extreme-UV and x-ray radiation. The collaboration behind...
Fiber Laser Offers New Approach to 488-nm Emission
Jun 1, 2004 — Solid-state laser sources at the argon-ion wavelength of 488 nm find many applications in medicine, graphics, semiconductor inspection and elsewhere. Several commercial models are already available, and others are expected to be introduced to the...
Left-Handed Materials Research Advances
Jun 1, 2004 — The ability of left-handed materials to focus electromagnetic waves in unusual ways promises unique applications in subwavelength optical imaging and in radar. Now, as these materials make the transition from nearly 40 years of theory to reality,...
Nd-Doped Fiber Laser Generates 360-fs Pulses at 900 nm
Jun 1, 2004 — Femtosecond lasers are useful in machining applications as well as in medicine, precise rangefinding and fluorescence studies. Fiber lasers offer an attractive alternative to conventional femtosecond sources because of their high efficiency and...
New Resin Suitable for Multiphoton Polymerization
Jun 1, 2004 — Scientists at Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Mass., and at Boston University have developed an acrylate resin for multiphoton absorption polymerization. To demonstrate the mechanical and optical properties of the material, they have used it to...
Nonlinear Lidar Detects, Identifies Bio-Aerosols
Jun 1, 2004 — As world governments have grown more attentive to the potential threat of biological weapons, a premium has been placed on developing technologies that can detect and identify airborne pathogens. Such technologies also would be useful for public...
Optical Metrology Reconstructs Audio Recordings
Jun 1, 2004 — Under an interagency agreement, the Library of Congress in Washington and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., will investigate the application of optical metrology to the preservation of audio recordings. The researchers on...
Periodically Poled MgO:LiNbO3 Generates High-Power Green
Jun 1, 2004 — Although green powers in excess of 1 W have been generated with periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN), the results have been obtained only when the nonlinear crystal is heated to temperatures significantly above 100 °C, so as to avoid deleterious...
Quantum Cryptography Used to Transfer Funds
Jun 1, 2004 — Researchers at Universität Wien and the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria, the Austrian Research Center in Seibersdorf and Ludwig Maximilians Universität in Munich, Germany, have demonstrated a new way to put valuables under lock and...
VCSEL for Telecom Features Curved Mirror for Single-Mode Operation
Jun 1, 2004 — Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are attractive candidates for telecom lasers because they can be tested while still in wafer form, their inherently short resonators ensure...
'Optical Clockworks' Display Precision for Fundamental Physics Experiments
May 1, 2004 — An international team of scientists has demonstrated that femtosecond-laser-based frequency synthesizers, which are key components of next-generation optical atomic clocks, offer fractional uncertainties approaching one part in 1019. The work...
Amplifier Enhances Ringdown Spectroscopy
May 1, 2004 — In recent years, investigators have adapted the principles of ringdown spectroscopy (see sidebar, facing page) to fiber optic configurations by placing high reflectors on each end of a fiber and observing the ringdown time of an injected pulse. But...
C-Band Er/Yb Fiber Laser Generates 43 W
May 1, 2004 — Tunable lasers in the eye-safe, 1.5- to 2.0-µm region are useful for remote optical sensing, range-finding and free-space communication. Erbium-doped fiber lasers have the necessary gain bandwidth to cover shorter wavelengths of this spectral...
Double-Clad Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser Is Side-Pumped
May 1, 2004 — Probably the most common technique for pumping fiber lasers is to pump them through the ends of the fiber, focusing the light into the inner cladding. A drawback of this is that it does not tolerate high-power pumping with multiple sources. To...
High-NA Fibers Enable High-Power Lasers
May 1, 2004 — A research group at the University of Bath in the UK has analyzed and demonstrated techniques to fabricate photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with a numerical aperture as high as 0.9. The techniques may dramatically affect the efficiency and power of...
Hollow Glass Waveguides Maintain Polarization of CO2 Laser Beam
May 1, 2004 — Hollow glass waveguides, whose inside surfaces are coated to reflect 10.6-µm radiation, often are employed to deliver the beam from an industrial CO2 laser to the workpiece. In many cases, such as for metal welding and cutting, a polarized beam is...
Lasers Date Ancient Groundwater
May 1, 2004 — Using a laser-based isotopic analysis technique, geologists and physicists in the US, Switzerland and Egypt have determined that the water in Egypt's Nubian Aquifer is up to 1 million years old. The results reveal changes in the local climate over...
New Structure Improves Telecom Lasers
May 1, 2004 — Many researchers are aggressively developing wavelength-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as optical sources for fiber optic telecommunications systems. Although most work until...
No-Moving-Parts Optical Setups Scan Bar Codes
May 1, 2004 — Scientists at the University of Central Florida in Orlando have demonstrated a passive-optics no-moving-parts 1-D bar-code scanner. One of several designs for such systems offered by the team, it promises to enable the development of simple,...
Olympus Creates Optical Foundry Services
May 1, 2004 — The Olympus Partnership Development Group, based in San Jose, Calif., announced that Olympus Corp. of Tokyo has established its Optical Foundry Services unit, which will include the company's aspherical lens research, development and products along...
Photonic Crystal Exhibits Enhanced Faraday Rotation
May 1, 2004 — Researchers at Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, have reported a multilayer structure they call a magneto-optical photonic crystal that displays 140 percent greater Faraday rotation at 748 nm than a single-layer bismuth iron garnet...
Teams Try New Approaches to Fiber Sensors
May 1, 2004 — A pair of unrelated papers published recently in Optics Letters illustrates the diversity of interesting and promising new approaches to fiber optic sensors that scientists currently are investigating. In one, the principle of cavity ringdown...
Trapped Atom Generates Single Photons
May 1, 2004 — A research team at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena has demonstrated that an optically trapped cesium atom can be induced to emit single photons. The work may have applications in quantum cryptography, in distributed quantum networking...

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