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Research & Technology News
Light Moves Water Droplets
Sep 1, 2004 — A team at Arizona State University in Tempe reported in the Aug. 26 issue of Journal of Physical Chemistry B that a nanostructured surface morphology similar to that of lotus leaves imparts the ability to move 15-µl droplets of water using light. Silicon surfaces roughened with 20- to 50-nm-diameter nanowires and coated with photochromic spiropyran displayed a lower water contact angle under UV than under visible-wavelength illumination, so that water droplets on the surface moved toward the UV...
Metallorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy Yields InSb Photodiodes for Focal Plane Arrays
Sep 1, 2004 — Researchers at Soreq NRC in Yavne and Semi Conductor Devices in Haifa, both in Israel, have reported the fabrication of InSb photodiodes by metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The development promises to enable the production of mid-IR focal plane...
Passive Stabilization Technique Tames Unruly Mode-Locked Laser
Sep 1, 2004 — There is a delicate balance between too much saturable absorption and too little when passively mode-locking a laser. Too little absorption yields unstable mode-locking or, worse, fails to mode- lock the laser at all. Too much causes the laser to...
Plastic Waveguides Display Laser Emission
Sep 1, 2004 — A group of scientists at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland, and at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, has achieved near-infrared laser emission from a polymer waveguide doped with an organic dye. The work promises applications in the development...
Something Old, Something New: German Lab Marries Ring and Disk
Sep 1, 2004 — One of the prime patents on the nonplanar ring oscillator (NPRO) expired last month, an occasion its inventors celebrated with a small party. On the other hand, the thin-disk laser is just beginning its career in the commercial marketplace....
Thulium Laser Enables Single-Frequency Oscillation in New Spectral Region
Sep 1, 2004 — Single-frequency fiber lasers have been developed in the 1.1-µm spectral region (based on ytterbium active ions) and in the 1.5-µm region (based on erbium active ions), but, recently, scientists in Denmark developed what they believe is the first...
Tunable Femtosecond UV Pulses Produced by Second-Harmonic Generation
Sep 1, 2004 — The measurement of extremely fast physical and chemical phenomena requires femtosecond pulses such as those generated in the infrared by Ti:sapphire lasers. However, ultrafast experiments with many materials require tunable femtosecond pulses in the...
Eye-Safe Laser Generates 7 W of Average Power
Aug 1, 2004 — Eye-safe lasers with output in the 1.5-µm regime are in demand for rangefinding, lidar and other remote-sensing applications. Most of them have depended on awkward nonlinear optics or on complex cross-excitation pumping schemes to generate 1.5-µm...
Hollow Fiber Delivers Distortion-Free Femtosecond Pulses
Aug 1, 2004 — Multiphoton fluorescence is an important technique for analyzing living tissue, and fiber optic delivery of the femtosecond pulses enables useful instruments such as miniature microscopes and multiphoton endoscopes. A difficulty generally arises,...
Micromachining Yields Compact FT Spectrometers
Aug 1, 2004 — Fourier transform spectroscopy is poised to take the next step forward. Thanks to silicon micromachining techniques, high-resolution spectrometers will soon move out of the lab and into commercial applications. Instruments based on...
Microscale Actuators Drive Macroscale Optical Element
Aug 1, 2004 — A team of engineers has reported the development of a rigid-body motion generator based on a two-dimensional array of deformable micromembrane actuators. The generator has a variety of potential optical applications, including use with tunable...
Nonlinear Behavior in Quantum-Well IR Photodetector Is Studied
Aug 1, 2004 — Although the potential of quantum-well infrared photodetectors for thermal imaging has been known for some time, significantly less research has been focused on the nonlinear behavior of these devices and on the potential applications of that...
Tapered Fabry-Perot Filter Measures Wavelength
Aug 1, 2004 — There are many applications of a simple, elegant technique to separate and measure the wavelengths present in an optical signal. Indeed, an important component of the history of spectroscopy has been the ongoing search for improved approaches to...
Two Wells Are Better than One for IR Detectors
Aug 1, 2004 — Researchers at Princeton University in New Jersey have demonstrated that two wells are better than one as far as quantum-well infrared photodetectors are concerned. The key, as demonstrated in prototype devices, lies in making dual wells that are...
Up-Conversion Fiber Laser Produces Visible Output
Aug 1, 2004 — Lumics GmbH of Berlin has developed a visible-wavelength source based on an up-conversion fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) fiber laser that has emission lines comparable to those from an argon-ion laser. It works by exploiting the absorption of rare-earth...
Yb:Y2O3 Ceramic Laser Generates 4.2 W
Aug 1, 2004 — Ceramic lasers may have a dramatic effect on the solid-state laser marketplace because, among other advantages, they promise inexpensive mass production. Several ceramic ion-host combinations have been investigated, including Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG,...
Broadband Mirrors Built of Porous Silicon
Jul 1, 2004 — A research group at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has reported the fabrication of broadband mirrors made from porous silicon for CW and mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers and for a tunable dye laser. The performance of the high...
Electrically Driven Nanocrystal Emitters Proposed
Jul 1, 2004 — Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M., and at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., have reported a scheme that may be suitable for the electrical pumping of displays, light sources, optical amplifiers and...
Entanglement Studies Suggest Interferometry Application
Jul 1, 2004 — Two groups of scientists have independently demonstrated means of entangling photons that may enable applications in gravity-wave detection and optical interferometry. Using different approaches to entanglement, the groups have proved that the...
Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Generates 200 W
Jul 1, 2004 — A high-power green Nd:YAG laser has been developed at Mitsubishi Electric Corp.'s Advanced Technology R&D Center in Amagasaki, Japan, and is being studied for the crystallization of amorphous silicon films into polycrystalline silicon films...
Quantum Dots Form Heart of IR Detector
Jul 1, 2004 — A collaboration of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and the University of Texas at Austin has produced a quantum-dot photodetector for use in the 8- to 12-µm atmospheric window. The performance of the cooled device is competitive...
Quantum Grid IR Spectrometer Enables Multicolor Detection
Jul 1, 2004 — Two- and four-color infrared imaging employing multiple detectors is used for applications such as target discrimination, land mine detection and geological surveying. Now scientists from the US Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md., and from...
Schott Researchers Develop New Phase-Shift Material
Jul 1, 2004 — A research and development team in Meiningen, Germany, has developed an advanced phase-shift material for Schott Lithotec AG of Jena, Germany. The material is suitable for 157-, 193- and 248-nm lithography, such as for use in DRAM memory and logic...
Silver Slab Promises Subwavelength Imaging
Jul 1, 2004 — A team of scientists at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, has demonstrated that a planar slab of silver can be used as a lens in a near-field lithography setup at 365 nm. If the approach can be refined to enable the l/9...
Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors Characterized
Jul 1, 2004 — A team from Moscow State Pedagogical University in Moscow, Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, NPTest Inc. in San Jose, Calif., and the University of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y., has reported results of a series of tests on nanostructured NbN...
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January 2025
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