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Gratings and Fresnel Lenses Produced with Sol-Gel Materials
Jan 1, 2005 — Optical communication devices typically need components that are not just physically small, but also economical. Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Taejon have developed a novel photosensitive sol-gel process that offers a simple method of inexpensively and accurately producing small-scale optical elements. Byeong-Soo Bae, a professor in the department of materials science and engineering at the institute, has developed a sol-gel hybrid material that...
Nd:GdVO4 Raman Laser Generates More than 1 W in Eye-Safe Region
Jan 1, 2005 — Eye-safe lasers, whose output is absorbed in the cornea rather than focused onto the retina, are important in remote sensing and telemetry, as well as in military applications such as rangefinding and target designating. A scientist at National...
New Pump-Probe Technique Improves Imaging Spectroscopy
Jan 1, 2005 — Pump-probe spectroscopy offers details about photochemical or photophysical reactions in a narrow slice of time, but reconstructing a reaction sequence takes a series of exposures, leading to photofatigue of the sample and other logistic problems....
New Variable Optical Attenuator Offers Inexpensive, Reliable Solution
Jan 1, 2005 — Variable optical attenuators are important components in wavelength division multiplexed telecom systems, in which they balance power levels among channels for reliable transmission. Dozens of designs have been produced and implemented in commercial...
Photonic Crystal Laser Generates Ultraviolet Output
Jan 1, 2005 — Photonic crystal lasers have potential as small and versatile sources in numerous applications. Such lasers with infrared output have been demonstrated in several laboratories around the world, but researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston,...
Singularity Theory Yields Elegant Description of Polarized Sunlight
Jan 1, 2005 — Scientists have long been intrigued by the polarization of light in the daytime sky. In 1863, Sir David Brewster noted the similarity of the phenomenon with that produced by refracting crystals. Less than a decade later, Lord John W.S. Rayleigh...
Students Build a Rover for Remote Mine Exploration
Jan 1, 2005 — Because exploring mines can be dangerous, two students at the University of Arizona in Tucson devised an 18-in.-long, radio-controlled rover to remotely investigate a mine's nooks and crannies. Equipped with a pan-and-tilt video camera and two 12-V...
Transistor Displays Laser Operation
Jan 1, 2005 — By incorporating quantum wells into the active region of a light-emitting transistor, scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated laser operation from an InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor. This...
Waveguide Has Been Developed for Terahertz Waves
Jan 1, 2005 — Terahertz waves, or T-rays, fall between microwave and infrared radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum. Some metals and other electrical conductors are opaque to T-rays; however, as with x-rays, the radiation can penetrate vinyl, paper, plastic...
With Polarization Studies, Astronomers Creep Closer to Black Holes
Jan 1, 2005 — By measuring the polarization of radiation from distant objects to an accuracy of better than 1/20 of a percent, astronomers have pushed their observations perhaps 100 times closer to the edge of a black hole than previously had been accomplished....
A Light Switch in More Ways than One
Dec 1, 2004 — Researchers at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., have fabricated a silicon-based, all-optical light switch. Built using standard semiconductor manufacturing methods, the device enables one beam of light to switch another on and off. The...
Efficient Ho:YAG Laser Oscillates in Single Longitudinal Mode
Dec 1, 2004 — By minimizing thermal loading on a Ho:YAG laser rod, a research group at the University of Southampton in the UK has demonstrated an efficient high-power, single-frequency laser in the eye-safe 2-µm spectral region. Such sources are useful for...
Electrically Pumped 1.5-µm MEMS VCSEL Tunes over 40 nm
Dec 1, 2004 — A collaboration of scientists at Two-Chip Photonics AG and Technische Universität Darmstadt, both in Darmstadt, Germany, and at Technische Universität München in Munich, Germany, has resulted in an electrically pumped vertical-cavity...
Intracavity Fiber Sensors Are Sensitive and Inexpensive
Dec 1, 2004 — A novel approach to monitoring fiber optic sensors by placing them inside a mode-locked laser resonator has been conceived and demonstrated by researchers at Insensys Ltd. of Fareham and at Aston University, both in the UK. The technique is...
Magnetic System Images Audiotape
Dec 1, 2004 — Physicist David P. Pappas, project leader of magnetic recording measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Electromagnetics Div. in Boulder, Colo., thinks that there's more than one way to spot a problem on an audio...
Matter-to-Light Quantum State Transfer Demonstrated
Dec 1, 2004 — Physicists Alexander M. Kuzmich and Dzmitry N. Matsukevich of Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta have reported the transfer of quantum state information from clouds of ultracold atoms to single photons. The work may have applications in the...
Photonics Offers Remote Measurements of Mount St. Helens
Dec 1, 2004 — Mount St. Helens, the volcano in southwest Washington state that erupted in 1980, is again showing signs of life. Scientists with the US Geological Survey and NASA are using photonics technology to track the growth of a new volcano dome with an...
Silicon Laser Is Realized
Dec 1, 2004 — At the University of California, Los Angeles, scientists have reported the demonstration of what they believe to be the first silicon laser, a feat that exploits the Raman effect. Ozdal Boyraz and Bahram Jalali have described pulsed Raman laser...
Spectral Filter Is Cheap, Tunable and Accurate
Dec 1, 2004 — Although the principal motivation for developing inexpensive tunable optical filters is the potentially massive market for such devices in telecommunications, these filters will find important, albeit less remunerative, applications in spectroscopy,...
Wet Stamping Produces Multicolor Micropatterning
Dec 1, 2004 — Researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have reported the multicolor micropatterning of a thin-film substrate using a technique called wet stamping. The development has potential applications in the production of...
'Superlenses' May Be Beyond Reach
Nov 1, 2004 — Despite recent experimental success in demonstrating negative refraction in and focusing by so-called left-handed materials, it may never be possible to realize "superlenses" with a diffraction limit of zero, as predicted by John B. Pendry of...
Aluminate Glass Suitable for Optical Uses
Nov 1, 2004 — Aluminum oxide is the material of choice for use in demanding applications, such as in the protective tiles on space probes, the supports for catalytic reactor systems and gas turbines. Its benefits include fracture- and heat-resistant qualities and...
Combs May Have Navigation and Display Applications
Nov 1, 2004 — Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., have demonstrated a near-field optical device that could have far-reaching applications, from navigation systems to display technologies. Fabricated using standard...
Fiber Laser System Produces Femtosecond Pulses at 25 W of Average Power
Nov 1, 2004 — There are several approaches to generating femtosecond pulses, but few of them are capable of producing the tens of watts of average power required for micro- and nanometer-scale materials processing. Recently, scientists at the University of...
Focusing Inside Left-Handed Material Studied
Nov 1, 2004 — A team of physicists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge has reported the results of its experiments on internal focusing in negative refractive index materials. Also called left-handed materials to describe the way they refract an...

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