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(9,094 items)
Research & Technology News
Periodically Poled MgO:LiNbO3 Generates High-Power Green
Jun 1, 2004 — Although green powers in excess of 1 W have been generated with periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN), the results have been obtained only when the nonlinear crystal is heated to temperatures significantly above 100 °C, so as to avoid deleterious photorefractive effects in the crystal. Scientists in Japan now report using a different crystal, periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 (PPMgLN), which has generated green power in excess of 1 W from a room-temperature crystal. They believe that this is the...
Quantum Cryptography Used to Transfer Funds
Jun 1, 2004 — Researchers at Universität Wien and the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria, the Austrian Research Center in Seibersdorf and Ludwig Maximilians Universität in Munich, Germany, have demonstrated a new way to put valuables under lock and...
VCSEL for Telecom Features Curved Mirror for Single-Mode Operation
Jun 1, 2004 — Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are attractive candidates for telecom lasers because they can be tested while still in wafer form, their inherently short resonators ensure...
'Optical Clockworks' Display Precision for Fundamental Physics Experiments
May 1, 2004 — An international team of scientists has demonstrated that femtosecond-laser-based frequency synthesizers, which are key components of next-generation optical atomic clocks, offer fractional uncertainties approaching one part in 1019. The work...
Amplifier Enhances Ringdown Spectroscopy
May 1, 2004 — In recent years, investigators have adapted the principles of ringdown spectroscopy (see sidebar, facing page) to fiber optic configurations by placing high reflectors on each end of a fiber and observing the ringdown time of an injected pulse. But...
C-Band Er/Yb Fiber Laser Generates 43 W
May 1, 2004 — Tunable lasers in the eye-safe, 1.5- to 2.0-µm region are useful for remote optical sensing, range-finding and free-space communication. Erbium-doped fiber lasers have the necessary gain bandwidth to cover shorter wavelengths of this spectral...
Double-Clad Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser Is Side-Pumped
May 1, 2004 — Probably the most common technique for pumping fiber lasers is to pump them through the ends of the fiber, focusing the light into the inner cladding. A drawback of this is that it does not tolerate high-power pumping with multiple sources. To...
High-NA Fibers Enable High-Power Lasers
May 1, 2004 — A research group at the University of Bath in the UK has analyzed and demonstrated techniques to fabricate photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with a numerical aperture as high as 0.9. The techniques may dramatically affect the efficiency and power of...
Hollow Glass Waveguides Maintain Polarization of CO2 Laser Beam
May 1, 2004 — Hollow glass waveguides, whose inside surfaces are coated to reflect 10.6-µm radiation, often are employed to deliver the beam from an industrial CO2 laser to the workpiece. In many cases, such as for metal welding and cutting, a polarized beam is...
Lasers Date Ancient Groundwater
May 1, 2004 — Using a laser-based isotopic analysis technique, geologists and physicists in the US, Switzerland and Egypt have determined that the water in Egypt's Nubian Aquifer is up to 1 million years old. The results reveal changes in the local climate over...
New Structure Improves Telecom Lasers
May 1, 2004 — Many researchers are aggressively developing wavelength-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as optical sources for fiber optic telecommunications systems. Although most work until...
No-Moving-Parts Optical Setups Scan Bar Codes
May 1, 2004 — Scientists at the University of Central Florida in Orlando have demonstrated a passive-optics no-moving-parts 1-D bar-code scanner. One of several designs for such systems offered by the team, it promises to enable the development of simple,...
Olympus Creates Optical Foundry Services
May 1, 2004 — The Olympus Partnership Development Group, based in San Jose, Calif., announced that Olympus Corp. of Tokyo has established its Optical Foundry Services unit, which will include the company's aspherical lens research, development and products along...
Photonic Crystal Exhibits Enhanced Faraday Rotation
May 1, 2004 — Researchers at Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, have reported a multilayer structure they call a magneto-optical photonic crystal that displays 140 percent greater Faraday rotation at 748 nm than a single-layer bismuth iron garnet...
Teams Try New Approaches to Fiber Sensors
May 1, 2004 — A pair of unrelated papers published recently in Optics Letters illustrates the diversity of interesting and promising new approaches to fiber optic sensors that scientists currently are investigating. In one, the principle of cavity ringdown...
Trapped Atom Generates Single Photons
May 1, 2004 — A research team at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena has demonstrated that an optically trapped cesium atom can be induced to emit single photons. The work may have applications in quantum cryptography, in distributed quantum networking...
All-Optical Amplifiers Enable 20,000-km Link
Apr 1, 2004 — Tackling two fundamental problems at the same time, scientists at Kailight Photonics Ltd. in Rehovot, Israel, and Bell Labs in Holmdel, N.J., have developed an all-optical wavelength converter that also amplifies, reshapes and retimes the pulses in...
Fiber Laser Produces 2.5 W in the 3-µm Region
Apr 1, 2004 — Lasers that operate in the 3-µm region of the mid-infrared have many applications in remote sensing, spectroscopy, medicine and military countermeasures, and fiber lasers seem likely candidates to provide high powers in this spectral range. The...
InGaN Laser Diodes Are Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Apr 1, 2004 — Researchers at Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd. in Oxford, UK, have reported the successful fabrication of blue-violet InGaN laser diodes using molecular beam epitaxy. Currently, these emitters are grown using metallorganic chemical vapor...
Mirror Enhances Diode Laser Bar's Beam
Apr 1, 2004 — The diode laser bar, which consists of multiple diode lasers on a single substrate, is the workhorse of semiconductor lasers. Commercial units with outputs of 100 W and higher are on the market, and laboratory devices have demonstrated outputs of...
Photonic Bandgap Fiber Eyed for Telecommunications
Apr 1, 2004 — Researchers at BlazePhotonics Ltd. and at the University of Bath, both in Bath, UK, have fabricated a new low-loss photonic bandgap fiber. Its attenuation of 1.72 dB/km represents a significant improvement over the lowest loss previously reported...
Spectroscopy Detects, Counts Toxic Molecules
Apr 1, 2004 — A team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands and the University of Maryland in College Park has demonstrated that a variant of cavity ringdown spectroscopy...
Study Probes High-Temp Superconductivity
Apr 1, 2004 — The results of infrared spectroscopy experiments with a bismuth-containing copper oxide known as Bi-2212 suggest that high-temperature superconductivity in such materials originates from a magnetic effect, not from the action of phonons. The work,...
Tiny Measurements Present Big Challenges
Apr 1, 2004 — In semiconductor manufacturing, photonics is used not only for imaging circuit layers, but also for measuring the size and location of patterned features. The question is, will photonic techniques be able to handle those metrology needs as feature...
Tunable Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers Introduced at OFC
Apr 1, 2004 — Two vendors introduced similar, widely tunable, monolithic lasers at the Optical Fiber Conference (OFC) held in Los Angeles from Feb. 23 to 27, and the companies' scientists presented papers describing the lasers at the conference's technical...
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