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Research & Technology News

Inorganic Materials Form Nanotubes, Concentric Fullerenes
Apr 1, 2005 — Researchers investigating nanostructures of layered inorganic compounds have theorized that these materials should spontaneously form tubes and concentric fullerenes similar to those observed in graphite exposed to an electron beam. Now a team from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and from the Indian Institute of Science, both in Bangalore, India, has confirmed that GaS and GaSe do adopt such configurations when irradiated with laser light or when heated. Exposing GaS...
Microlens Arrays Enable Parallel Nanofabrication
Apr 1, 2005 — Scientists at Riken research institute in Wako and at Osaka University in Suita, both in Japan, have demonstrated a laser-based nanofabrication technique that promises a hundredfold or more boost in productivity over general laser scanning systems....
More Breakthroughs with Silicon Lasers
Apr 1, 2005 — These are heady times for silicon lasers and their developers. Shortly after a team at the University of California, Los Angeles, reported the first silicon laser last fall, a group from Intel Corp. in Santa Clara, Calif., and Jerusalem reported a...
Proposed Doublet Lens Improves Depth of Focus
Apr 1, 2005 — One barrier to introducing imaging systems into new, practical industrial applications is the need for precise alignment. Outside of the laboratory, natural variations in object distance result in reduced resolutions or require real-time focus...
Quantum Cascade Raman Laser May Offer Mid-IR Tunability
Apr 1, 2005 — By integrating a Raman laser into the same band-structure-engineered crystal as a quantum cascade laser, a collaboration of researchers in the US has realized a promising approach to a compact, wavelength-tunable, mid-IR laser. Lasers in the mid-IR...
Two-Dimensional Silver Patterns Produced from Nanoparticles by Laser Fabrication
Apr 1, 2005 — A team at Boston College has fabricated structures of agglomerated silver nanoparticles using multiphoton absorption laser fabrication, with potential applications in optics. To produce the structures, the researchers illuminated polymer and...
Gigahertz Semiconductor Laser Performance Surpasses Conventional Solid-State Lasers
Mar 1, 2005 — Stable multiwatt lasers with gigahertz pulsed outputs have potential application in telecommunications and in optical clocking, but conventional solid-state lasers, which are capable of such performance, are too large and too expensive for these...
InGaN Laser Diodes Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Mar 1, 2005 — Despite its potential advantages over metallorganic chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy has until recently been considered unsuitable for the production of InGaN-based emitters such as blue-violet laser diodes for next-generation...
Interferometric Measurements Set Requirements for Adaptive Optical Microscopy
Mar 1, 2005 — Adaptive optics has a record of success with regard to improving the performance of optical systems in high-aberration environments. Whether correcting for atmospheric turbulence, thermal gradients or aberrations in the cornea and lens of the human...
Liquid Crystal Arrays Produce Variable-Focus Lenses
Mar 1, 2005 — Liquid crystal arrays may be used to modulate the intensity of light transmitted through a specific region. Whether in a reflective configuration, such as in the first liquid crystal display (LCD) watch introduced by Seiko in 1973, or in...
Nanocrystals Enable Silicon Field-Effect LED
Mar 1, 2005 — While several research teams around the globe attempt to make silicon emit light and others try to make transistors lase, one has combined the two technologies and made a light-emitting transistor based entirely on silicon. Robert J. Walters and...
Rings on a Chip Portend Tiny Laser Gyroscopes
Mar 1, 2005 — Researchers in New Mexico have designed and fabricated a pair of semiconductor ring lasers on a single chip and have observed a beat note when the outputs of the two lasers are combined. Led by Marek Osinski, a professor of electrical engineering,...
SENSOR TECHNOLOGY
Mar 1, 2005 — For engineers and scientists in industry, research and academia, the Sensor Technology Handbook is designed to help with sensor selection, specification and design for various applications. The 700-page resource, which consists of contributions from...
Single-Molecule Imaging Produces Nanoscale Pictures
Mar 1, 2005 — At the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, scientists have shown that nanostructures can be observed with a resolution of 30 to 50 nm by combining many small pictures of meandering fluorescent single molecules. From these separate yet...
Bessel Beams Enable Better Interferometry
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers at Université Laval in Quebec City have shown that, in some situations, one arm is better than two. They have demonstrated a Bessel beam interferometer that does not require a stable reference arm, promising a simpler, less-expensive and...
Fiber Laser Generates 60-W, High-Quality Green Beam
Feb 1, 2005 — Fiber lasers are proving capable of many tasks as the technology matures, and they are supplanting other lasers in an increasing number of applications. Because they have an enormous surface-to-volume ratio, they can dissipate waste heat efficiently...
Lightguide Plate Simplifies LCD Illumination
Feb 1, 2005 — Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are used for applications in which low weight, minimal power consumption and uniform intensity are important, such as in cell phones, personal digital assistants and laptop computers. The voltage on each pixel of an...
Novel Silicon Raman Laser Demonstrated on CMOS Chip
Feb 1, 2005 — For years, engineers and scientists have dreamed of the advantages that could be gained by integrating photonics technology and semiconductor electronic chips. Computers, cell phones and other electronic devices could shrink dramatically, while...
Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser Has Low Threshold, High Efficiency
Feb 1, 2005 — Lasers based on photonic crystal fibers offer the laser designer novel degrees of freedom not available in conventional fiber lasers. Although the latter are restricted to single-mode oscillation only if the core is small enough, photonic crystal...
Sometimes It Pays to Fill the Holes in a Holey Fiber
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have filled the holes of a holey fiber and propose that such a device could prove useful for nonlinear optics, for spectroscopy and for other applications. They have demonstrated...
Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced RandomLaser Demonstrated
Feb 1, 2005 — A team of researchers from the Ultrafast Photonics and Nano-Optics Laboratory at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, has created a surface-plasmon-enhanced random laser by suspending silver nanoparticles in a laser dye. The...
Waveguide Fabricated with Femtosecond Pulses Lases at 1533 nm
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers in Europe have operated what they believe to be the first waveguide laser fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses. Because the waveguide lasers offer excellent mode-matching with single-mode-communication fibers, have an inherently...
Controlled Switching of GFP Suggests Applications in Optical Data Storage
Jan 1, 2005 — Researchers have devoted a great deal of effort to probing the photophysical and photochemical properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Many are especially interested in the transitions between GFP's fluorescent and nonfluorescent (bright and...
Crystal Exposes Heart of Intense X-Ray Source
Jan 1, 2005 — The Z machine at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, N.M., is the world's most powerful man-made x-ray source. In operation, laser-triggered switches release the charge stored in massive capacitor banks to channel 20 MA through an array of...
Femtosecond Laser Selects Nanoparticle Size
Jan 1, 2005 — Scientists with Italy's National Institute for the Physics of Matter have found that, when it comes to nanoparticle films, size matters. Because of that, laser attributes are also important. The investigators, who are based in the institute's Naples...

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