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(9,094 items)
Research & Technology News
With Polarization Studies, Astronomers Creep Closer to Black Holes
Jan 1, 2005 — By measuring the polarization of radiation from distant objects to an accuracy of better than 1/20 of a percent, astronomers have pushed their observations perhaps 100 times closer to the edge of a black hole than previously had been accomplished. The international group, led by Makoto Kishimoto of the University of Edinburgh in the UK, studied the polarized visible and near-UV radiation emitted by quasars. Quasars are extremely distant point sources in the sky that are as bright as entire...
A Light Switch in More Ways than One
Dec 1, 2004 — Researchers at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., have fabricated a silicon-based, all-optical light switch. Built using standard semiconductor manufacturing methods, the device enables one beam of light to switch another on and off. The...
Efficient Ho:YAG Laser Oscillates in Single Longitudinal Mode
Dec 1, 2004 — By minimizing thermal loading on a Ho:YAG laser rod, a research group at the University of Southampton in the UK has demonstrated an efficient high-power, single-frequency laser in the eye-safe 2-µm spectral region. Such sources are useful for...
Electrically Pumped 1.5-µm MEMS VCSEL Tunes over 40 nm
Dec 1, 2004 — A collaboration of scientists at Two-Chip Photonics AG and Technische Universität Darmstadt, both in Darmstadt, Germany, and at Technische Universität München in Munich, Germany, has resulted in an electrically pumped vertical-cavity...
Intracavity Fiber Sensors Are Sensitive and Inexpensive
Dec 1, 2004 — A novel approach to monitoring fiber optic sensors by placing them inside a mode-locked laser resonator has been conceived and demonstrated by researchers at Insensys Ltd. of Fareham and at Aston University, both in the UK. The technique is...
Magnetic System Images Audiotape
Dec 1, 2004 — Physicist David P. Pappas, project leader of magnetic recording measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Electromagnetics Div. in Boulder, Colo., thinks that there's more than one way to spot a problem on an audio...
Matter-to-Light Quantum State Transfer Demonstrated
Dec 1, 2004 — Physicists Alexander M. Kuzmich and Dzmitry N. Matsukevich of Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta have reported the transfer of quantum state information from clouds of ultracold atoms to single photons. The work may have applications in the...
Photonics Offers Remote Measurements of Mount St. Helens
Dec 1, 2004 — Mount St. Helens, the volcano in southwest Washington state that erupted in 1980, is again showing signs of life. Scientists with the US Geological Survey and NASA are using photonics technology to track the growth of a new volcano dome with an...
Silicon Laser Is Realized
Dec 1, 2004 — At the University of California, Los Angeles, scientists have reported the demonstration of what they believe to be the first silicon laser, a feat that exploits the Raman effect. Ozdal Boyraz and Bahram Jalali have described pulsed Raman laser...
Spectral Filter Is Cheap, Tunable and Accurate
Dec 1, 2004 — Although the principal motivation for developing inexpensive tunable optical filters is the potentially massive market for such devices in telecommunications, these filters will find important, albeit less remunerative, applications in spectroscopy,...
Wet Stamping Produces Multicolor Micropatterning
Dec 1, 2004 — Researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have reported the multicolor micropatterning of a thin-film substrate using a technique called wet stamping. The development has potential applications in the production of...
'Superlenses' May Be Beyond Reach
Nov 1, 2004 — Despite recent experimental success in demonstrating negative refraction in and focusing by so-called left-handed materials, it may never be possible to realize "superlenses" with a diffraction limit of zero, as predicted by John B. Pendry of...
Aluminate Glass Suitable for Optical Uses
Nov 1, 2004 — Aluminum oxide is the material of choice for use in demanding applications, such as in the protective tiles on space probes, the supports for catalytic reactor systems and gas turbines. Its benefits include fracture- and heat-resistant qualities and...
Combs May Have Navigation and Display Applications
Nov 1, 2004 — Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., have demonstrated a near-field optical device that could have far-reaching applications, from navigation systems to display technologies. Fabricated using standard...
Fiber Laser System Produces Femtosecond Pulses at 25 W of Average Power
Nov 1, 2004 — There are several approaches to generating femtosecond pulses, but few of them are capable of producing the tens of watts of average power required for micro- and nanometer-scale materials processing. Recently, scientists at the University of...
Focusing Inside Left-Handed Material Studied
Nov 1, 2004 — A team of physicists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge has reported the results of its experiments on internal focusing in negative refractive index materials. Also called left-handed materials to describe the way they refract an...
Microlaser Generates Microwatts
Nov 1, 2004 — Researchers at Riken, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Wako, Japan, have demonstrated an approach to the construction of tiny lasers that is likely to find application in miniature photonic devices such as lab-on-a-chip chemical...
Nanoribbon Waveguides Suited for Photonic Circuits
Nov 1, 2004 — A team of researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has demonstrated that crystalline oxide nanoribbon waveguides can be used with other nanowire optical components to create rudimentary...
Nanotube Films Suggest Alternative to ITO
Nov 1, 2004 — Transparent electrically conductive materials have found application in a variety of products, from solar cells and detectors to flat panel displays. Currently, indium tin oxide is the material of choice, but its brittleness has left researchers...
Photonic Bandgap Fiber Makes Unique Gas Sensor
Nov 1, 2004 — Many approaches to making gas sensors from optical fibers have been explored during the past 20 years, and scientists at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg recently developed a novel gas sensor based on a random-hole photonic crystal...
Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser Is Highly Polarized
Nov 1, 2004 — A collaboration at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, and at Crystal Fibre A/S in Birkerød, Denmark, has resulted in what the experimenters believe is the first photonic crystal fiber laser whose highly polarized output is due to its...
Photonics Firms Benefit from ATP Awards
Nov 1, 2004 — The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology recently announced 32 awards to 43 companies. Selected from 870 proposals, several of which involve research in photonics and related technologies, the...
Quantum Mechanics Keeps Secrets Safe
Nov 1, 2004 — If you want to keep a secret, it helps to whisper. That's what researchers at NuCrypt LLC have demonstrated in a technique for quantum encryption that uses off-the-shelf components, runs at up to 650 Mb/s, is compatible with the existing...
Scanning Laser Produces 3-D Microstructures
Nov 1, 2004 — A team of engineers at Fraunhofer USA Center for Manufacturing Innovation and at the department of manufacturing engineering at Boston University, both in Boston, has reported the rapid fabrication of microfluidic structures using a scanning laser...
Tiny Tip Couples Diode Laser to Single-Mode Fiber
Nov 1, 2004 — The inefficient coupling of a diode laser's power into a single-mode fiber has been a major stumbling block in modern fiber optic telecommunications systems. These coupling losses are one of the motivations for the development of fiber lasers as...
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