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(9,094 items)
Research & Technology News
Liquid Crystal Arrays Produce Variable-Focus Lenses
Mar 1, 2005 — Liquid crystal arrays may be used to modulate the intensity of light transmitted through a specific region. Whether in a reflective configuration, such as in the first liquid crystal display (LCD) watch introduced by Seiko in 1973, or in transmissive systems, such as the displays in the latest portable DVD players, voltage is applied to a liquid crystal pixel to modify the amount of light delivered through it. Different voltages on liquid crystals introduce different phase delays. By...
Nanocrystals Enable Silicon Field-Effect LED
Mar 1, 2005 — While several research teams around the globe attempt to make silicon emit light and others try to make transistors lase, one has combined the two technologies and made a light-emitting transistor based entirely on silicon. Robert J. Walters and...
Rings on a Chip Portend Tiny Laser Gyroscopes
Mar 1, 2005 — Researchers in New Mexico have designed and fabricated a pair of semiconductor ring lasers on a single chip and have observed a beat note when the outputs of the two lasers are combined. Led by Marek Osinski, a professor of electrical engineering,...
SENSOR TECHNOLOGY
Mar 1, 2005 — For engineers and scientists in industry, research and academia, the Sensor Technology Handbook is designed to help with sensor selection, specification and design for various applications. The 700-page resource, which consists of contributions from...
Single-Molecule Imaging Produces Nanoscale Pictures
Mar 1, 2005 — At the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, scientists have shown that nanostructures can be observed with a resolution of 30 to 50 nm by combining many small pictures of meandering fluorescent single molecules. From these separate yet...
Bessel Beams Enable Better Interferometry
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers at Université Laval in Quebec City have shown that, in some situations, one arm is better than two. They have demonstrated a Bessel beam interferometer that does not require a stable reference arm, promising a simpler, less-expensive and...
Fiber Laser Generates 60-W, High-Quality Green Beam
Feb 1, 2005 — Fiber lasers are proving capable of many tasks as the technology matures, and they are supplanting other lasers in an increasing number of applications. Because they have an enormous surface-to-volume ratio, they can dissipate waste heat efficiently...
Lightguide Plate Simplifies LCD Illumination
Feb 1, 2005 — Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are used for applications in which low weight, minimal power consumption and uniform intensity are important, such as in cell phones, personal digital assistants and laptop computers. The voltage on each pixel of an...
Novel Silicon Raman Laser Demonstrated on CMOS Chip
Feb 1, 2005 — For years, engineers and scientists have dreamed of the advantages that could be gained by integrating photonics technology and semiconductor electronic chips. Computers, cell phones and other electronic devices could shrink dramatically, while...
Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser Has Low Threshold, High Efficiency
Feb 1, 2005 — Lasers based on photonic crystal fibers offer the laser designer novel degrees of freedom not available in conventional fiber lasers. Although the latter are restricted to single-mode oscillation only if the core is small enough, photonic crystal...
Sometimes It Pays to Fill the Holes in a Holey Fiber
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have filled the holes of a holey fiber and propose that such a device could prove useful for nonlinear optics, for spectroscopy and for other applications. They have demonstrated...
Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced RandomLaser Demonstrated
Feb 1, 2005 — A team of researchers from the Ultrafast Photonics and Nano-Optics Laboratory at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, has created a surface-plasmon-enhanced random laser by suspending silver nanoparticles in a laser dye. The...
Waveguide Fabricated with Femtosecond Pulses Lases at 1533 nm
Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers in Europe have operated what they believe to be the first waveguide laser fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses. Because the waveguide lasers offer excellent mode-matching with single-mode-communication fibers, have an inherently...
Controlled Switching of GFP Suggests Applications in Optical Data Storage
Jan 1, 2005 — Researchers have devoted a great deal of effort to probing the photophysical and photochemical properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Many are especially interested in the transitions between GFP's fluorescent and nonfluorescent (bright and...
Crystal Exposes Heart of Intense X-Ray Source
Jan 1, 2005 — The Z machine at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, N.M., is the world's most powerful man-made x-ray source. In operation, laser-triggered switches release the charge stored in massive capacitor banks to channel 20 MA through an array of...
Femtosecond Laser Selects Nanoparticle Size
Jan 1, 2005 — Scientists with Italy's National Institute for the Physics of Matter have found that, when it comes to nanoparticle films, size matters. Because of that, laser attributes are also important. The investigators, who are based in the institute's Naples...
Gratings and Fresnel Lenses Produced with Sol-Gel Materials
Jan 1, 2005 — Optical communication devices typically need components that are not just physically small, but also economical. Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Taejon have developed a novel photosensitive sol-gel process...
Nd:GdVO4 Raman Laser Generates More than 1 W in Eye-Safe Region
Jan 1, 2005 — Eye-safe lasers, whose output is absorbed in the cornea rather than focused onto the retina, are important in remote sensing and telemetry, as well as in military applications such as rangefinding and target designating. A scientist at National...
New Pump-Probe Technique Improves Imaging Spectroscopy
Jan 1, 2005 — Pump-probe spectroscopy offers details about photochemical or photophysical reactions in a narrow slice of time, but reconstructing a reaction sequence takes a series of exposures, leading to photofatigue of the sample and other logistic problems....
New Variable Optical Attenuator Offers Inexpensive, Reliable Solution
Jan 1, 2005 — Variable optical attenuators are important components in wavelength division multiplexed telecom systems, in which they balance power levels among channels for reliable transmission. Dozens of designs have been produced and implemented in commercial...
Photonic Crystal Laser Generates Ultraviolet Output
Jan 1, 2005 — Photonic crystal lasers have potential as small and versatile sources in numerous applications. Such lasers with infrared output have been demonstrated in several laboratories around the world, but researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston,...
Singularity Theory Yields Elegant Description of Polarized Sunlight
Jan 1, 2005 — Scientists have long been intrigued by the polarization of light in the daytime sky. In 1863, Sir David Brewster noted the similarity of the phenomenon with that produced by refracting crystals. Less than a decade later, Lord John W.S. Rayleigh...
Students Build a Rover for Remote Mine Exploration
Jan 1, 2005 — Because exploring mines can be dangerous, two students at the University of Arizona in Tucson devised an 18-in.-long, radio-controlled rover to remotely investigate a mine's nooks and crannies. Equipped with a pan-and-tilt video camera and two 12-V...
Transistor Displays Laser Operation
Jan 1, 2005 — By incorporating quantum wells into the active region of a light-emitting transistor, scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated laser operation from an InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor. This...
Waveguide Has Been Developed for Terahertz Waves
Jan 1, 2005 — Terahertz waves, or T-rays, fall between microwave and infrared radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum. Some metals and other electrical conductors are opaque to T-rays; however, as with x-rays, the radiation can penetrate vinyl, paper, plastic...
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