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Research & Technology News

Variable-Focus Liquid Lens Relies on Fluid Pressure
Apr 1, 2006 — Mobile phones may eventually take better pictures, thanks to a team from the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering in Singapore. The group demonstrated a variable-focus lens by using pressure to shape a liquid interface. The technique could be employed in compact optical systems for focusing and zoom. Isabel Rodriguez, an institute research scientist and project team member, noted that biconvex, biconcave, planoconcave and planoconvex lenses of different sizes can be created with...
News Briefs (March 9, 2006)
Mar 9, 2006 — Krisztina Holly, formerly executive director of the Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a technology startup veteran, has been named executive director of the USC Mark and Mary Stevens...
RIT Opens Collaborative Research Center
Mar 6, 2006 — ROCHESTER, N.Y., March 6, 2006 -- The IT Collaboratory, a research collaboration among the Rochester Institute of Technology, the University at Buffalo and Alfred University, officially moved into a new facility with the formal dedication on Friday...
Universities to Get $150M for Research
Mar 6, 2006 — WASHINGTON, March 6, 2006 -- The Department of Defense (DoD) announced it will award 30 basic research grants to 20 universities totaling about $13.5 million in fiscal year 2006 and about $30.2 million per year starting in fiscal year 2007 for a...
Bistability in Microring May Facilitate Optical Packet Switching
Mar 1, 2006 — All-optical routing of digital data in fiber optic telecommunications systems will require optically activated switches capable of directing incoming optical pulses into one of two or more output fibers (see “Toward Optical Packet Switching,” page...
Carbon Nanotubes Incorporated into Backlight Design
Mar 1, 2006 — Scientists at Tatung University in Taipei, Taiwan, have produced a light panel that uses carbon nanotubes in the electrodes. The low-power plasma source has potential applications as a backlight for flat panel displays such as LCDs. LCDs are...
Efficient, Compact Laser Generates 40 mW of Yellow Output
Mar 1, 2006 — As more and more applications have turned to diode-pumped solid-state lasers, one important region of the visible spectrum has proved especially challenging. Applications requiring yellow light — such as ophthalmology and dermatology — have for the...
Fiber Laser Has Helical Core for High Single-Mode Power
Mar 1, 2006 — As laser designers seek ever-higher powers from single-mode fiber lasers, they encounter a fundamental roadblock. A small core in a fiber laser forces single-mode oscillation, but the spatial intensity in a small-core, high-power laser is great...
Folded Spectrometer Offers Range, Resolution and Speed
Mar 1, 2006 — Spectrometer design usually involves compromises among acquisition time, spectral resolution and wavelength range. A spectrometer that was developed at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, using a two-dimensional back-thinned silicon CCD has...
Hollow-Core Holey Fiber Is Fabricated with Polymer
Mar 1, 2006 — Polymer fibers generally are less expensive than silica fibers and often enable applications that would be economically impractical with silica. But polymers absorb strongly at wavelengths above 850 nm, primarily because of resonances with C-H...
Large-Area Color Sensor Array Has Vertical Structure
Mar 1, 2006 — The future of optical sensors may be looking up as researchers investigate vertically integrated color imaging devices. A team from Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany and Palo Alto Research Center in California has integrated amorphous silicon...
Mode-Locked Semiconductor Laser Sets Power Record
Mar 1, 2006 — Researchers at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Mass., have passively mode-locked an InGaAsP slab-coupled optical waveguide laser and generated 250 mW of average power at 1.5 μm in 10-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 4.29 GHz. The...
Multiwatt VECSEL Output Is Wavelength-Tunable
Mar 1, 2006 — Optically pumped, vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) produce multiwatt outputs with good beam quality, but until now their spectral characteristics have been less than optimal. Their linewidths are too wide for many...
Slow Light Observed in Biological Film
Mar 1, 2006 — The phenomenon of slow light promises to contribute to advances in all-optical switching for telecommunications. Scientists have demonstrated slow light using materials such as atomic vapors, ruby crystals and quantum dots. However, because of their...
Volumetric Bragg Grating Dramatically Cuts Laser Bandwidth
Mar 1, 2006 — The inherently broad bandwidth of solid-state lasers poses a problem for many applications — for example, spectroscopy and many other scientific applications, sensors and nonlinear optics — where nearly perfectly monochromatic light is desirable....
Study Shows That Quantum Dots Can 'Talk'
Feb 22, 2006 — ATHENS, Ohio, Feb. 22, 2006 -- Ohio University (OU) scientists who hope to use quantum dots as the building blocks for the next generation of computers have found a way to make these artificial atoms communicate. “Essentially, the dots talk to each...
BiB3O6 Generates 990-mW Second Harmonic with 52 Percent Efficiency
Feb 1, 2006 — Nonlinear optics has proved to be a valuable tool for extending the tuning range of fixed-wavelength lasers into new spectral regions. When outputs in the visible and ultraviolet are desired, two nonlinear crystals, β-BaB2O4 (BBO) and LiB3O5...
Distances of Millimeters Measured with Picometer Accuracy
Feb 1, 2006 — For those who need a ruler with exceedingly fine gradation, physicist John R. Lawall of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Md., has the tool for you. He has developed a technique that can measure distances of...
Electrically Driven Tunable Organic Lasers May Be Feasible
Feb 1, 2006 — Solid-state organic dye lasers that use multiple-prism grating-tunable laser oscillators require another laser as an excitation source. Now researchers at Eastman Kodak Co. in Rochester, N.Y., have reported spatially coherent emission and partially...
Hybrid Nanowire Components Show Promise for Photonics
Feb 1, 2006 — To advance the development of ultrasmall nanowire-based photonic devices, a research team at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., has incorporated single CdS nanowires into lithographically defined photonic crystal and “racetrack” microresonator...
Optical Vortex May Enable Imaging of Extrasolar Planets
Feb 1, 2006 — Despite the nursery rhyme, that star twinkling in the night sky is far from little. Moreover, any planets that orbit the star are exceedingly dim and tiny in comparison, making it difficult for astronomers to spot such extrasolar...
Quantum Memories Demonstrated
Feb 1, 2006 — Research teams from Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta have independently developed quantum memories, clouds of atoms that store single photons and allow them to be retrieved on demand. The...
Short-Wave IR Tunable Filters Fabricated on HgCdTe
Feb 1, 2006 — Researchers from the University of Western Australia in Crawley, in collaboration with DRS Infrared Technologies LP in Dallas and the University of Texas at Austin, have designed and fabricated a tunable Fabry-Perot resonator multispectral imaging...
Silver Halide Fibers Under Development for Mid-IR Imaging
Feb 1, 2006 — Continuing their efforts to develop fibers that transmit mid-IR radiation for endoscopic imaging applications in medicine and industry, a team of scientists at Tel Aviv University in Israel has fabricated 2- and 0.7-mm-diameter bundles of silver...
Single-Lens System Offers Simultaneous Fields of View
Feb 1, 2006 — Optical zoom lenses can provide variable magnification, so a single system can generate images of low magnification and large field as well as images with high magnification and a narrow field. It had not been possible to provide high magnification...

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