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Research & Technology News

Microlens Arrays Produced by Soft Lithography
Oct 1, 2006 — A team of scientists at Sungkyunkwan University in Suwon and at LG Chem Ltd.’s Research Park in Taejon, both in South Korea, has fabricated two-dimensional arrays of microlenses by soft lithography, using spin-cast polystyrene beads as a template. The technique may have applications in the production of microlens arrays for use with organic LEDs (OLEDs) and other photonics systems. Electron microscope images display a microlens array created in photopolymer by soft lithography, using...
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Has Variable Bandwidth
Oct 1, 2006 — At the node of a fiber optic telecom system, it is often necessary to remove the data traveling in a particular wavelength channel and replace it with new data. A link between New York and Baltimore, for example, may contain information destined for...
Sniffing out an ill wind
Oct 1, 2006 — Volatile sulfur compounds are found in polluted waters and garbage heaps and are the major component of halitosis — your own bad breath. Two of these compounds — dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methyl mercaptan, also known as methanethiol (CH3SH) — have...
Stepping out of the Shadows Using Polarized Light
Oct 1, 2006 — Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia have demonstrated a machine vision technique that untangles multiple overlapping shadows within a scene, improving a camera’s ability to distinguish objects. It works by capturing...
Stretched Taper Tunes Fiber Laser Wavelength
Oct 1, 2006 — At the University of Arizona in Tucson, investigators have used the modal interference in a tapered fiber to fabricate a wavelength-tunable filter inside a fiber laser and have tuned the laser’s wavelength by physically stretching the taper. They...
Minister Announces £7M West Midlands Technology Boost
LONDON, England, Sept. 7, 2006 -- British government Industry and Regions Minister Margaret Hodge today announced a multimillion pound project in the West Midlands to unleash the commercial potential of cutting-edge micro and nanotechnology. The project, Materials Solutions, has...
A Groovy Optical Switch — with Plasmons
Sep 1, 2006 — A team from the Grenoble-based Laboratoire d’Études des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides, part of France’s Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, has devised a groovy subwavelength optical switch. The method uses two rectangular cuts in a...
Fluorescence correlation helps resolve mystery over asphaltene
Sep 1, 2006 — From the well to the refinery, the flow of crude oil is impeded by asphaltene, a heavy, aromatic substance that separates out of the crude, then aggregates readily, causing pipe blockages, coke formation, catalyst deactivation and other problems....
IR Imaging Studies Solid-Phase Monolayers on Water Surfaces
Sep 1, 2006 — To promote a better understanding of the environmental effects of pollutants, researchers at Clemson University in South Carolina have developed an infrared imaging method that visualizes solid-phase surfactant monolayers on water. They envision its...
Mirrors play key role in terahertz communications
Sep 1, 2006 — The potential of terahertz technology in communications applications is contingent upon the development of essential devices — such as sources and detectors — and supplementary components — such as filters, modulators and mirrors. Because of the...
Paint-on Photodetectors Are Devised
Sep 1, 2006 — Because of their use in digital cameras and in night-vision and security systems — all growing markets — and in fiber optic communications, photodetectors are in hot demand. It’s no wonder that researchers are looking for ways to simplify the...
Raman Amplifier in Silicon Generates Electrical Power
Sep 1, 2006 — In the quest to integrate photonics and electronics in monolithic devices, several laboratories have recently demonstrated silicon Raman lasers (Photonics Spectra, November 2005, p. 52). A fundamental problem inherent in these devices has been...
Reduced Symmetry Enhances Nanoparticles
Sep 1, 2006 — Plasmon resonance, a governing factor in optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, relies heavily on particle geometry. Researchers at Rice University in Houston altered the spherically symmetric geometry of a nanoshell to explore the effect of...
Sorting Atoms for Quantum Computing
Sep 1, 2006 — Strings of laser-trapped atoms can be useful for storing and processing quantum information. Recently, researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany used an optical trapping technique to rearrange atoms in such strings with submicrometer...
Tiny Silicon Chip Provides Broadband Gain at Telecom Wavelengths
Sep 1, 2006 — Although gain at telecom wavelengths has been demonstrated in silicon-on-insulator photonic circuits, until now the effect had depended on stimulated Raman scattering. The Raman bandwidth is relatively narrow, but modern optical telecommunications...
VECSEL Generates Watt-Level Blue-Green Output
Sep 1, 2006 — Compact and efficient blue-green lasers have numerous potential uses, including in displays, data storage, spectroscopy and biomedical applications. Recently, a collaboration of researchers at the University of Arizona and at Areté Associates, both...
Wedged Etalon Simplifies Wavelength Tuning of Miniature Laser
Sep 1, 2006 — Solid-state microchip lasers, in which all the resonator elements — gain medium, resonator mirrors and, sometimes, Q-switch and/or frequency doubler — are bonded together in a monolithic block, have proved to be robust and commercially successful....
UChicago Inks $2.5B Deal to Retain Argonne Control
WASHINGTON, Aug. 2, 2006 -- The University of Chicago, through its solely owned independent entity UChicago Argonne LLC, will retain its 60-year hold on the management of Argonne National Laboratory, the Department of Energy (DoE) announced this week. The University of...
Color Center Laser Pumped with CW Diode Laser
Aug 1, 2006 — Color center lasers have long provided an alternative to dye lasers as sources of tunable radiation, but their commercial viability has diminished in recent years as competing, tunable solid-state sources have improved. Recently, researchers from...
Compact Nd:YAG Laser Developed for Airborne, Space Applications
Aug 1, 2006 — Compact, robust, efficient nanosecond sources are essential in many emerging airborne and spacecraft applications, including lidar, altimetry and remote spectroscopy, where high voltages and bulky heat exchangers are not practical. Recently, a...
Compact Nd:YAG Laser Generates 1.25 W of Blue Light
Aug 1, 2006 — Compact blue lasers have many potential applications, including optical displays and data storage, medical diagnostics and underwater communication. Recently, researchers at Tianjin University in China demonstrated a small, internally...
Planar Waveguide Transmits Mid-Infrared Radiation
Aug 1, 2006 — Because so many molecules have unique spectral signatures in the mid-infrared — generally defined as those wavelengths between several microns and several tens of microns — the evolution of integrated mid-IR components would be beneficial for the...
Simple Wavelength Meter Has Picometer Resolution
Aug 1, 2006 — There are many occasions in telecom, optical sensing and other applications when it is necessary to measure the spectral parameters of an unknown signal. Techniques of varying sophistication are used to carry this out in optical spectrum analyzers,...
Simpler Structure for Negative-Refractive-Index Media Presented
Aug 1, 2006 — Negative-refractive-index materials bend electromagnetic waves in a direction opposite that of ordinary media with positive refractive indexes, enabling a variety of novel applications, including flat lenses. A group of scientists at Iowa State...
Synergy Improves Automated Scene Recognition
Aug 1, 2006 — In the same way that human vision provides sensory input to our brains, effective computer vision could provide unprecedented data input capabilities for automated systems. Computer vision, however, involves more than pixel intensities — it requires...

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