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Imager Eases Analysis of Space Weather
Mar 1, 2007 — There’s more to bad weather than just wind and rain. When flares or coronal mass ejections occur on the surface of the sun, ensuing blasts of radiation cause storms in the Earth’s ionosphere, more than 100 km above land and sea. In fact, storms occur near the planet’s magnetic equator even under a quiet sun. Although these blustery conditions take place beyond our view, they can disrupt satellite communication, disable power grids and dramatically affect other human activities. An airglow...
Mid-Infrared Pulses Generated from Eye-Safe Fiber
Mar 1, 2007 — Mid-infrared sources are crucial in several applications, including molecular spectroscopy and military countermeasures, and many investigators around the world are pursuing approaches to practical, efficient sources in this spectral region. These...
Taking Raman Spectroscopy to Other Worlds
Mar 1, 2007 — When future rovers go to Mars or other planets, equipping them with instruments capable of deep-UV Raman spectroscopy will give them a better chance of answering questions about their surroundings. That is the conclusion arrived at by a group of...
Two-Micron Fiber Laser Has Potential for
Military and Civilian Applications
Mar 1, 2007 — Lasers emitting in the two-micron spectral region have important applications in medicine, spectroscopy and military countermeasures. Traditionally, these applications have relied on holmium-doped crystalline YAG or YLF lasers, but these require...
Ultralow Threshold Reported for Raman Laser
Mar 1, 2007 — How low can you go? In the quest for ever more efficient Raman lasers, investigators have achieved thresholds that have been below a milliwatt by resonating both pump and laser wavelengths in a fused-silica microsphere. But now scientists at...
High-Power Nd:YAG Laser Pumped Directly to Upper Level
Feb 1, 2007 — A quarter century ago, Nd:YAG lasers were capable of optical efficiencies of only a few percent at best. Pump photons, produced by high-power arc lamps, were lost to glass flow tubes, and the water in them was lost to the walls of the pump cavity...
Laser Ties Optical Fiber in a Knot
Feb 1, 2007 — Minuscule microlasers have numerous potential applications in information technology and communications as well as in medical diagnostics. Scientists in several laboratories around the world have demonstrated ultracompact lasers in microdisks and...
Matchmaking: Holey Fiber Meets Conventional Fiber
Feb 1, 2007 — Holey fibers — or photonic crystal fibers — possess many characteristics that make them potentially useful in a host of applications. They can be designed with customized dispersion characteristics, highly nonlinear properties, or to propagate only...
MEMS Microlens Has Adjustable Focal Length
Feb 1, 2007 — MEMS photonic devices have proved useful in many applications, including telecom, displays and imaging. But developing an efficient and reliable microlens, one whose focal length can be easily adjusted, is a goal that has eluded engineers. Recently,...
Metamaterials Reflect Visible Light
Feb 1, 2007 — Metamaterials could permit the creation of ultrahigh-resolution lenses and could even make cloaking devices a reality. To do so, they must reflect visible light. In the past, they could operate only in the microwave and far-infrared ranges, but have...
Microdisk Resonance Tuned with Optical Signal
Feb 1, 2007 — All-optical switches — those in which one group of photons alters the flow of other photons — are an essential component of many next-generation systems, from optical computers to transparent optical networks. Recently, researchers at Université...
Mid-IR Fiber Laser Achieves ~10 W
Feb 1, 2007 — Lasers in the mid-infrared spectral region — often described as the wavelength range between 3 and 30 μm — are very useful in molecular spectroscopy because many molecules have unique spectral signatures in that region. With sufficient power,...
Nonlinear Susceptibility in Glass Points to Integrated Devices
Feb 1, 2007 — Amorphous glasses can exhibit second-order susceptibilities if the material’s inversion symmetry is broken by treatments such as poling or electron-beam irradiation. Recent experiments have shown that chalcohalide glasses, in particular, may have...
Optical Fiber Sensors Detect Cryogenic Hydrogen
Feb 1, 2007 — The low flammability limit and ignition energy of molecular hydrogen make it an ideal fuel source for rocket engines. However, these combustion properties also are a risk to human safety and call for a mechanism to detect low concentrations of...
Polarizer Converts Arbitrary Beam to Radial or Azimuthal Polarization
Feb 1, 2007 — Radially or azimuthally polarized light can be useful in high-resolution photolithography, in coupling into hollow-core fibers and in other applications. Scientists in several laboratories have designed intracavity devices to generate radially or...
Research Points to Cr:LiSAF Laser Improvements
Feb 1, 2007 — Chromium-doped lithium strontium aluminum fluoride (Cr3+:LiSrAlF6) lasers have many promising characteristics, including a long spontaneous lifetime and a wide spectral emission range. But the crystal’s poor thermal conductivity has limited the...
Roughing Up Silicon Improves Near-Infrared Performance
Feb 1, 2007 — Despite its electronic and visible spectrum prowess, silicon is an infrared weakling. Beyond 1100 nm, the material absorbs little radiation and, therefore, the response of silicon-based photodiodes fades to almost nothing. Now a research team...
Two VECSEL Chips Are Better than One
Feb 1, 2007 — Invoking a concept that dates from the early days of Nd:YAG lasers, when engineers aligned multiple laser rods in the same resonator, a collaboration between researchers in the US and Germany has demonstrated a technique of coherently combining the...
Vibrating Microsphere Q-Switches Fiber Laser
Feb 1, 2007 — Although the continuous-wave outputs of fiber lasers have already found numerous real-world applications, scientists and engineers have more recently begun exploring potential applications of these lasers’ pulsed-power outputs. Bulk acousto-optic...
Kodak, Sony End Digital Imaging Patent Fight
ROCHESTER, N.Y., Jan. 3 -- Eastman Kodak Co. and Sony Corp. of Japan today announced in separate statements that they have settled their patent fight over digital imaging technology dating back to 1987. Kodak filed suit against Sony back in March 2004 alleging violation of...
A Squirt of Water Writes Waveguides
Jan 1, 2007 — Photonic integrated circuits will surely replace electronic chips in the coming decades, and although simple versions have already entered the commercial mainstream and have earned their own acronyms, more complex and elegant devices exist only on...
Birefringent Fiber Enhances Fiber Optic Strain Sensor
Jan 1, 2007 — There are multiple solutions to the dilemma posed by a fiber sensor’s response to both temperature and strain (see Wrinkles Improve Fiber Optic Strain Sensor, page 27). For example, another recent experiment has shown that the contrasting responses...
Building a Better Infrared Detector
Jan 1, 2007 — If Robert Frost had been an optical engineer and not a poet, he might have said “good barriers make good detectors” upon seeing the work of Shimon Maimon and Gary W. Wicks of the University of Rochester in New York. The scientists have demonstrated...
Converging Complexity Challenges Educators to Prepare Tomorrow’s Innovators
Jan 1, 2007 — Although there is much publicity and debate in the US over the outsourcing of engineering jobs to countries that pay lower wages, the problem is the dearth of graduating engineers for those jobs.1 The challenge to US educators remains the same...
End-Pumping Fiber Amplifiers Made Easy
Jan 1, 2007 — A collaboration among Czech scientists has developed an approach to the end pumping of fiber amplifiers that, despite its need for an unusual fiber geometry, may significantly enhance the ruggedness and cost-effectiveness of the amplifiers in...

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