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Choosing the Right Polymer Aids Direct-Write Multiphoton Photolithography
Jan 1, 2008 — Fabricating nanoscale polymer thin-film structures mightbecome easier, thanks to researchers from Kansas State University in Manhattan. Such structures could be used in chemical and biological sensor arrays, as optical elements, for electronic components and in portable nanofluidic devices. A schematic illustrates the ablative multiphoton etching process. A thin polymer film on a glass substrate is illuminated with near-IR light from a laser (red line). Multiphoton absorption removes the...
Closing the Terahertz Radiation Gap by Way of Superconductors
Jan 1, 2008 — Much progress is being made in using electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies for noninvasive detection and pharmaceutical testing applications, among others. Current technologies, however, limit generation and detection of the frequencies...
Electro-Optics Made Easier
Jan 1, 2008 — Doctoral candidate Çaglar Ö. Girit and professor Alex Zettl from the University of California, Berkeley, have developed an alternative to electron-beam lithography, which is used for making the nanoscale electrical contacts in the silicon...
Lasers Test Accuracy of Car Crash Systems
Jan 1, 2008 — For many drivers, it is their last best hope. The crash-warning systems that are increasingly common in higher-end cars sound an alarm if a collision is imminent, providing a few precious seconds for the operator to slam on the brakes or quickly...
Microchip Laser Exploits Yb:LuAG Properties
Jan 1, 2008 — Ytterbium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (Yb:LuAG) has several desirable qualities as a solid-state laser material. Compared with the more familiar Yb:YAG, it has a larger effective emission peak cross section and a higher thermal conductivity. It...
New Crystalline Laser Generates 1 Watt at an Eye-Safe 1.5 μm
Jan 1, 2008 — Because the human cornea does not transmit wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm, lasers in this spectral region are less dangerous than shorter-wavelength lasers and thus are designated “eyesafe.” Such lasers are desirable in any application where...
Old Silicon Wafers Shine in New Role
Jan 1, 2008 — What do you do with old computer-chip wafers? Throwing them out is no longer the answer. IBM Corp. began a program at its Burlington, Vt., plant in early 2007 to recycle cast-off silicon wafers and sell them to companies that manufacture solar...
Remote Optical Control of an Optical Flip-Flop Demonstrated
Jan 1, 2008 — All-optical switching — the switching of one beam of light by another — is an absolutely essential technology for transparent fiber optic networks and for all forms of optical signal processing. Various types of optical switches and switching...
Volume Bragg Grating Narrows Parametric Oscillator’s Output
Jan 1, 2008 — Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) provide an important mechanism to extend and tune the wavelength range of conventional lasers. Conceptually, each photon of the laser beam entering the OPO is split into two photons that share the energy of the...
850-nm Photodetector Can Be Integrated into Waveguide
Dec 1, 2007 — It’s no secret that electronics technology will not keep pace with Moore’s Law for much longer. Most experts look to photonics technologies to replace electronics and to allow the rapid growth to continue unabated. Although all-optical computers...
Crossovers Without Crosstalk
Dec 1, 2007 — In an electronic integrated circuit, tiny conductors connect the various components, and in a nanophotonic integrated circuit, photonic wires — slim submicron waveguides millimeters or centimeters in length — can serve the same function. But whereas...
Diffuse Reflectance FTIR Spectroscopy Helps Find Sulfite in Beverages
Dec 1, 2007 — The inorganic compound sulfite (SO32–) is used to ferment or preserve various foods, including beverages such as beer and wine. Unfortunately, some people are allergic to the chemical, and it can cause breathing difficulties in individuals who have...
Edge Coupler Links All-Solid Photonic-Bandgap Fibers
Dec 1, 2007 — Researchers at Nanyang Technological University and at the Institute for InfoComm Research, both in Singapore, have fabricated what they believe is the first photonic-bandgap fiber coupler. Couplers are crucial to almost all applications of optical...
Everyday Documents Protected with Infrared Technology
Dec 1, 2007 — For those who want to protect everyday documents such as tickets, deeds and licenses against forgery, there have not been a lot of effective or affordable options. Highly sophisticated security features, such as those used in currency and passports,...
Focusing Better with X-Rays
Dec 1, 2007 — Designing for fine-focusing helps when building telescopes and microscopes. However, the refractive optics used in x-ray versions of such instruments typically have had small numerical apertures, reducing performance. Compound kinoform lenses —...
Improved Technology Leads to a First for Flying Spectrometers
Dec 1, 2007 — Scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., have reported a breakthrough in airborne spectrometers that was achieved through the careful application of laser technology. The group has deployed the first airborne...
Improving X-Ray Imaging with a Streak Camera
Dec 1, 2007 — When using x-rays to study what is very small and fleeting, researchers have had two choices: develop a short-pulse x-ray source, an approach with a potential price tag in the hundreds of millions, or develop a fast enough detector — cheaper, but...
Integrated Germanium-on-Silicon Detector Opens the Eye at 40 Gb/s
Dec 1, 2007 — While one company’s approach to integrated silicon-germanium photodetectors is described in detail in the feature on page 74 of this issue, Mario J. Paniccia and his Intel Corp. colleagues in Santa Clara, Calif., and in Jerusalem have taken a...
Low-Loss Waveguide Developed for Terahertz Radiation
Dec 1, 2007 — Many investigators around the globe are exploring terahertz radiation for applications in remote sensing and imaging, and a good low-loss waveguide in this spectral range likely would facilitate many of these applications. Several approaches are...
OPTICAL FIBERS
Dec 1, 2007 — An addition to the “Wiley Survival Guides in Engineering and Science” series, the book Fiber Optic Essentials provides an overview of the technology. It discusses the development of low-loss optical fibers, which led to the application of lasers in...
Recycling Light
Dec 1, 2007 — What do you do when you don’t have enough light? Recycle what you have. That is the verdict of researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel. They examined the effectiveness of recycling light in ultrabright...
Slot Waveguide Is a Sensitive Biochemical Sensor
Dec 1, 2007 — A collaboration of scientists in Europe has demonstrated what it believes is the first biochemical sensor based on an integrated slot waveguide. The intense, closely confined electric fields in the slot-waveguide microring resonator make the sensor...
To Boldly Go Where No Sensor Has Gone Before
Dec 1, 2007 — Unlike electrical sensors, fiber optic sensors are impervious to electromagnetic interference, and they can be daisy-chained — connected in series — so that many sensors can be monitored simultaneously with a single detection instrument. But fiber...
Aculight Promotes Robert Afzal, Hires CFO
Nov 9, 2007 — Laser maker Aculight Corp. of Bothell, Wash., announced this week that Robert Afzal, PhD, formerly director of technology development, has been promoted to vice president of research and development. Prior to joining Aculight a year ago, Afzal was...
$100 Bill to Be Safeguarded with Photonics Technology
Nov 1, 2007 — In an effort to get ahead, and to stay ahead, of increasingly sophisticated counterfeiters, the US government is looking to a refractive lens technology that will provide additional security for the $100 bill. Each C-note will display an image —...

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