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Research & Technology News

A Simpler Way to Build an Optical Acidity Detector
May 1, 2008 — A team of researchers in Spain has devised a fluorescent surface molecular sensor for the detection of acidity. The sensor could find application in industry, clinical analysis and environmental sampling. The team consisted of researchers from the Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, the Institute of Science and Materials of Barcelona, the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the Center for the Investigation of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, all in Cerdanyola de Vallès. It used...
Capturing the Colors of a Plastic Bubble
May 1, 2008 — Everyone loves the bright rainbow colors of a soap bubble, and young children often cry when these delicate objects burst. However, Fumiyoshi Ikkai of Nihon L’Oreal KK in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, now has found a way to capture and preserve this...
Choosing the Better Bus Standard
May 1, 2008 — Which bus standard is better for machine vision? A recently released study by Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (Fraunhofer IPMS) in Dresden, Germany, tries to answer that question. Commissioned by Sony Image Sensing Solutions, the...
Finding Out How a Drop of Liquid Moves
May 1, 2008 — When studying the interactions of liquids and solid surfaces, such as is occasionally required in semiconductor and biomaterials research, scientists keep in mind several rules of thumb. One is that the force required to slide a drop of liquid down...
For a Cheaper Camera, Use Curved Silicon
May 1, 2008 — For all the benefits silicon brings to imaging, it does have a drawback: Silicon sensors are flat. Now a group from Stanford University in California has demonstrated a way to curve monolithic silicon structures that are fabricated in a standard...
Gas-Assisted Embossing and UV Curing Combine to Make Microlens Arrays
May 1, 2008 — Individual microlenses may be small, but a large array of them can have a big impact — and present some big challenges. Because microlens arrays are a key optical component in large-format LCD TVs and elsewhere, there is a need for low-cost and...
Nanoantennae Direct Light from Molecules
May 1, 2008 — Radio and microwave antennae enable modern conveniences such as listening to the radio, watching television, mobile phone communication and wireless Internet access. Relatively recently, antennae that receive and direct visible light have been...
Tiny Fiber Fabry-Perot Created with Femtosecond Pulses
May 1, 2008 — Most Fabry-Perot interferometers in optical fiber are intrinsic; that is, they are formed in the fiber core between a pair of reflectors. The alternative is an extrinsic Fabry-Perot, which is formed in the air between two sections of the fiber core....
Unique Cavity Demonstrates Highest Optomechanical Coupling
May 1, 2008 — Photons are nearly ideal for investigating quantum phenomena: They are easy to generate and have well-defined states and straightforward interactions with matter. Quantum phenomena in macroscopic mechanical systems, on the contrary, are difficult to...
A Continuously Variable Optofluidic Aperture
Apr 1, 2008 — Optofluidics technology brings to photonics the advantages of easily fabricated and inexpensive components, of miniaturization and of great flexibility. Recently, scientists at National University of Singapore reported fabricating an optofluidic...
Active Multipass Geometry Boosts Pulse Energy
Apr 1, 2008 — Scientists from the University of Konstanz and from Trumpf Laser GmbH + Co. KG in Schramberg, both in Germany, have achieved pulse energies of more than 13 μJ from a thin-disc laser operating in air. These ultrashort pulses have applications in...
Diffractive Fluorescence Multiplex Assay
Apr 1, 2008 — A 14-member team from the University of Southampton and from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Didcot, both in the UK, has combined microscopic bar codes and fluorescent biomolecules in a rapid, noninvasive assay with high encoding capacity. The...
Interferometer Investigates MEMS Vibrations
Apr 1, 2008 — Two scientists from Helsinki University of Technology in Finland have developed an instrument that probes surface vibrations of frequencies up to 6 GHz, detecting amplitudes down to 1 pm with a lateral resolution better than 1 μm. It measures...
Large Binocular Telescope Captures First Light Images
Apr 1, 2008 — A giant telescope that resembles a pair of binoculars is up and running atop Mount Graham in Graham County, Ariz., peering into a galaxy some 102 million light-years away from the Milky Way. With its twin side-by-side mirrors measuring 27.6 ft in...
Making a Microlens Array with Micromirrors
Apr 1, 2008 — The best way to make a microlens may be to use a micromirror, according to researchers from the University of Texas at Austin. Associate professor Shaochen Chen and graduate student Yi Lu used a commercial digital micromirror device as a dynamic...
Microscopic Flow of Non-Brownian Systems Probed
Apr 1, 2008 — Understanding the microscopic dynamics that occur between a flowing fluid and an elastic solid, such as those that happen in plastics manufacturing and in numerous other industrial applications, can be an important parameter in quality...
NIR Spectroscopy Monitors Wood
Apr 1, 2008 — A team from the Competence Centre for Wood Composites and Wood Chemistry in Linz and from the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, both in Austria, and from Technical University of Munich, has shown that near-infrared...
Photoacoustic Shear Waves in Gold Nanocrystals
Apr 1, 2008 — Scientists from Université du Mains in Le Mans and from Université de Caen, both in France, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., USA, have generated and detected picosecond acoustic shear waves in gold films. The...
Plant Leaves Reveal Clues About Crop Health
Apr 1, 2008 — For many farmers, the possibility of crop failure from diseases such as root rot is an ever-present worry. The anxiety is compounded by the fact that, by the time corn, potatoes, cotton and other mainstay crops start to exhibit the tell-tale...
Putting Optical Communications in the Black
Apr 1, 2008 — The computers in an office someday might be networked with light, if recent research on black silicon pans out. A group of researchers from Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., from Koç University in Istanbul, Turkey, and from SiOnyx Inc. in...
Silicon Raman Laser Cascades Toward Mid-IR Spectral Region
Apr 1, 2008 — The mid-IR spectral region, often defined as wavelengths between 2 and 5 μm, is important to spectroscopy because virtually all molecules have unique rotational-vibrational “fingerprints” in that region. However, building compact and efficient...
Super-Tiny Mach-Zehnders Assembled with Nanofibers
Apr 1, 2008 — Mach-Zehnder interferometers find application in fields ranging from telecommunications to medical diagnostics to spectroscopy. Investigators have constructed the devices using free-space mirrors, optical fibers, photonic crystals and microfluidic...
Visualizing a Laser’s Polarization
Apr 1, 2008 — One of the oldest tricks in the book is checking a laser beam’s polarization with a microscope slide: You stick the slide, oriented at Brewster’s angle, into the beam and then rotate it around the beam axis until the reflection disappears. The...
Adding Teeth to Spectroscopic Detection
Mar 1, 2008 — With conventional broadband spectroscopy techniques, detecting optical frequencies can be performed to a resolution of ~10 MHz. Now, however, researchers at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colo., have devised a...
Getting Semiconductors Ready to Take a Spin
Mar 1, 2008 — For semiconductors, the hope is that everything will not be just about electron charge in the future. Instead, having devices also exploit electron spin — resulting in new kinds of memory and logic chips — is a goal of spintronics, the spin-based...

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