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Research & Technology News
A Higher-Temperature Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector
Oct 1, 2007 — Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Lowell and at Raytheon Missile Systems in Tucson, Ariz., have produced a long-wave infrared quantum dot photodetector with a responsivity of 2.5 A/W at operating temperatures as high as 190 K (–83 °C). Although cold, that is actually pretty hot for a quantum dot infrared photodetector. The advance holds promise for tracking, sensing and imaging applications. The investigators constructed the quantum dot device using molecular beam epitaxy to...
All-Optical Transducer Designed for High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging
Oct 1, 2007 — High-frequency ultrasound has been used for applications such as imaging skin and eyes. Behind this medical procedure is a tiny transducer that converts signals and makes the creation of a picture possible. The transducer takes incoming...
An Easier Way to Simulate a Foggy View
Oct 1, 2007 — Insofar as a computer simulation is concerned, where there’s smoke, there’s not a fire but a large computational burden. Rendering smoky, foggy or cloudy scenes is difficult because the process requires substantial computational resources, time or...
Coupling Between Energy Levels Leads to Optical Bistability
Oct 1, 2007 — Optical bistability exists when an optical system is capable of operating in two modes under identical external conditions. If the optical system is a laser, the most common form of optical bistability is hysteresis in its input-output transfer...
For a Little Light, a Microlens
Oct 1, 2007 — Gallium nitride LEDs are useful but suffer from a significant drawback: Their external quantum efficiency is low because the refractive index of GaN, which is 2.5, is very different from that of air, 1.0. Putting GaN on a sapphire substrate...
Lasing Action from Whispering-Gallery Modes in Water Microdroplets
Oct 1, 2007 — Whispering-gallery modes are the resonances that occur inside round objects (spheres, cylinders, disks) when light bounces around the object’s circumference, restrained by total internal reflection to stay inside the object. The modes can be useful...
Looking at Polymers in Three Different Lights
Oct 1, 2007 — The industrial use of polymers is growing, but still required are models that account for physical phenomena such as temperature dependence, thermomechanical coupling and aging. Such models ideally would allow for the reliable predictions of the...
New Gluing Technique Rejuvenates Abandoned Lasers
Oct 1, 2007 — During the late 1990s, scientists investigated Q-switched microchip lasers that were fabricated by pressing a thin slab of laser material — usually, but not always, Nd:YAG — between an output coupler and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror...
Quantum Dots as Building Blocks for High-Security Computers
Oct 1, 2007 — The allure of a quantum computer is powerful. The device, theoretically, could process certain types of information at such an accelerated pace that the classical computers now in use might seem in comparison as antiquated as the manual...
Silicon Turns One Wavelength into Many
Oct 1, 2007 — There are many challenges to be overcome before photonic connections can replace electronic ones in computers and other equipment. Nonetheless, that replacement soon will become imperative because miniaturization is driving electronic interconnects...
The Remote-Controlled Airplane Grows Up
Oct 1, 2007 — The latest wildfire-fighting aircraft is not designed to carry water. Instead, it is loaded with a thermal-infrared detection system. Because wildfires generate a lot of smoke and often burn in remote locations, firefighters can see little from the...
Turning Opaque Materials into Lenses
Oct 1, 2007 — Materials with a milky-white appearance hardly seem a likely choice for making lenses. Any light that manages to penetrate such materials comes out the other side in a faint, random speckle pattern. By shaping the wavefront of laser light entering...
SPIE to Offer Free Digital Library Access to Selected Countries
Sep 21, 2007 — SPIE has announced an agreement with the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) to help meet the information needs of scientists in more than 30 countries that are rebuilding research capacity and...
A Different Kind of Superlens
Sep 1, 2007 — Investigators have been searching for the perfect lens, or at least one that can image far below the wavelength of the source light. In addition to being useful in research, such a lens could find a home in semiconductor nanolithography, in...
Can Lasers Help Decrease Our Dependence on Fossil Fuels?
Sep 1, 2007 — It has been estimated that the solar power impinging on Earth in a single hour could satisfy mankind’s energy needs for more than a year. Nonetheless, solar energy today provides less than 0.1 percent of the world’s electric power and, according to...
CO2 Laser Generates 3 kW in Cylindrically Polarized Beam
Sep 1, 2007 — A collaboration of European scientists has recently generated what they believe is the highest power ever achieved in a radially polarized laser beam, by fitting a commercial Trumpf CO2 laser with a specialized end mirror. That is significant...
Coming Clean with a Shock
Sep 1, 2007 — Semiconductors must be extremely clean during processing. Cleaning issues account for a majority of chip yield problems in factories, according to figures presented at an April conference in Austin, Texas, hosted by Sematech Inc., a semiconductor...
How to Make a Laser Beam Without a Laser Resonator
Sep 1, 2007 — Superradiant lasers — ones that produce enough gain in a single pass to generate significant output — have been around since the early days of nitrogen lasers in the 1960s. Recently, scientists at Imperial College London refined the concept to...
Magnetic Storage at Light Speed
Sep 1, 2007 — Researchers at Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands and at Nihon University in Funabashi, Japan, have shown that the future of magnetic storage may involve light. The group demonstrated all-optical magnetic recording, switching the...
Measuring Magnetic Fields with Light
Sep 1, 2007 — Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, have demonstrated that a cloud of atoms, a diode laser and a couple of detectors can measure a magnetic field with a sensitivity of better than 3 nG for a measurement time of 1 s. Potentially,...
Microlenses Stabilize Microchip VECSELs
Sep 1, 2007 — Vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) have proved useful in numerous applications because they can be readily fabricated to produce various wavelengths and, unlike their edge-emitting cousins, produce a round collimated...
Nanotube Arrays Make Droplets Jump or Jiggle
Sep 1, 2007 — Since they were first synthesized, carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable attention from the research community for, among other things, their ability to form arrays with nanoscale roughness. This property encourages the entrapment of air...
Superparamagnetic Nanoclusters Form Photonic Crystals
Sep 1, 2007 — Photonic crystals hold promise in optoelectronic applications that require the manipulation of photons, as in telecommunication devices and sensors. Although a desirable photonic crystal will have a tunable stop band controllable by external...
Welcome to Science TV
Sep 1, 2007 — Is photonics going Hollywood? The science of light and optics is being packaged, produced and projected onto television screens across the US. Producers hope that the segments, currently aired on more than 60 subscribing television stations...
Canon Joins ASU's SkySong
Aug 23, 2007 — Developers of SkySong, the Arizona State University (ASU) Scottsdale Innovation Center, announced that Canon USA Inc. will join the 37-acre, mixed-use center under development as a hub for technological innovations and a portal for expanding global...
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