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Research & Technology News

Nanopatterning with Lasers and Microspheres
Aug 1, 2008 — Although it concerns the very small, optical nanopatterning has some very big problems. Available techniques are slow, hard to use, expensive or limited in what they can produce. Now Princeton University researchers Euan McLeod and Craig B. Arnold have demonstrated a direct-write nano-patterning scheme that gets around such issues through the use of two lasers and a microsphere. The technique could lead to commercially important parallel direct-write nanopatterning. Arnold, an assistant...
Snapshot of EuroLED 2008
Aug 1, 2008 — The fifth annual EuroLED conference held in West Midlands, UK, in June was a study in global networking — entertaining organizations and attendees with everything new about LEDs. Organizer Aston Science Park of Birmingham, also in the UK, proved...
Tunable Wavelengthsby Four-Wave Mixing
Aug 1, 2008 — Photonics specialists from Helsinki University of Technology and from Arctic Photonics of Jorvas, both in Finland, are using four-wave mixing (FWM) to produce tunable narrowband light in a microstructured optical fibre. The light has a pulse shorter...
An LCD Built with Graphene
Jul 1, 2008 — According to a team of researchers from the UK and Russia, thin sheets of carbon could improve LCDs. The group recently demonstrated that graphene — a two-dimensional layer of carbon — can be used to make the conducting transparent thin films...
Defect-Free Structures May Pave the Way to GaAs Lasers
Jul 1, 2008 — If you are an optoelectrical engineer trying to create semiconductor devices that emit light, here is some advice: Don’t let zinc blende get into your wurtzite. In recent years, gallium arsenide has gained traction as the basis for optoelectronic...
Fabricating Photonic Quantum Circuits in Silicon
Jul 1, 2008 — The future of quantum technologies could be written in sand, according to researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK. A group at the institution demonstrated high-fidelity quantum photonic circuits using waveguides made of silicon dioxide,...
High-Speed Nanoimprinting Gets on a Roll
Jul 1, 2008 — Se Hyun Ahn and L. Jay Guo of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, are on a nanopatterning roll. They recently demonstrated a high-speed roll-to-roll technique for imprinting that enables continuous fabrication of nanometer-scale structures on a...
LED-Pumped Polymer Laser Emits at 568 nm
Jul 1, 2008 — Semiconducting conjugated polymer materials are easy to fabricate into photonic devices, and their emission spans the visible spectrum. They would be attractive candidates for commercial lasers, but until now, they required pumping by another laser,...
Mode-Matching Technique May Enable Broad Telecom Bandwidths
Jul 1, 2008 — Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are widely credited with enabling the huge growth of fiber optic communications during the last decade of the 20th century. Because they could boost the amplitude of optical pulses traveling in fiber without...
Multimode Fiber Laser Generates Single-Mode Output
Jul 1, 2008 — Single-mode fiber lasers have the high beam quality required for many applications, but as their output power climbs, the intense intracavity power density in their tiny cores — typically ~10-μm diameter — causes nonlinear effects that sap the...
Parabolic Reflector Couples Between Fiber and Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide
Jul 1, 2008 — Optical fibers and silicon-on-insulator waveguides both are crucial to today’s photonic systems, but coupling between the two is problematic. The small, tightly confined modal area in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide with high-index contrast...
UIowa to Assess Lab Damage
IOWA CITY, Iowa, June 18, 2008 -- It will be months before the full extent of flood damage sustained by the Iowa Advanced Technology Laboratories (IATL) is known, a University of Iowa official said Wednesday. The facility remains closed, with water from the nearby Iowa River in its...
Elbit Systems, Technion Partner on Eye-Tracking Research
Jun 16, 2008 — Defense electronics company Elbit Systems Ltd. of Haifa, Israel, and the Haifa-based Israel Institute of Technology (Technion) have signed a joint vision systems research agreement, under which Elbit will award grants to selected Technion...
Adding Laser Beams: The Best of Both Worlds
Jun 1, 2008 — The combined illumination provided by two automobile headlights is twice that provided by a single headlight. However, it doesn’t work that way with lasers. Even if the lasers are aligned with closely spaced parallel beams — so that the beams...
Detecting Nanoparticles in a Flame
Jun 1, 2008 — A team of scientists from Università di Napoli and from Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, both in Italy, and from Lund University in Sweden has directly measured combustion-generated nanometer-size organic carbon particles within a propane...
Dual-Wavelength Ring Laser Is Step-Tunable Across 20 nm
Jun 1, 2008 — Stable, single-mode, dual-wavelength lasers have important applications in fiber sensors, in optical instrumentation and in communications based on wavelength division multiplexing. Recently, Shilong Pan and his colleagues at Tsinghua University in...
Easy-to-Tune All-Fiber Bandpass Filter
Jun 1, 2008 — Tunable bandpass filters are crucial components in numerous photonic applications, including telecommunications. All-fiber filters eliminate the need to couple into bulky and lossy external components, and many approaches to all-fiber tunable...
Etching with Gold Enables Improved Deep-UV Antireflective Optics
Jun 1, 2008 — The ability to diffuse or eliminate reflections is an important part of optics involving ultraviolet and deep-UV wavelengths. Antireflection coatings, which form interfering structures of low and high refractive indices, are ubiquitous. However,...
Highly Conductive and Color-Coded Carbon Nanotubes Produced
Jun 1, 2008 — The explosive growth of flat panel displays and other electrochromic devices has been fueled in part by transparent thin-film technology that conducts electricity but does not interfere with image quality. Indium tin oxide is the thin film of...
Image-Processing Methods Reconstruct Archival Audio Recordings
Jun 1, 2008 — Point-and-click mp3 files make it hard to appreciate the first attempts to capture sound on glass, wax, tinfoil or even paper. Many of those records, albeit fragile and often noisy, survive. Carl Haber and his colleagues at Lawrence Berkeley...
Laser Analysis of Strawberries
Jun 1, 2008 — Phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables enhance their nutritional value, so it is useful to identify and quantify the various native compounds. Scientists from Leibniz Institute for Agricultural En- gineering Potsdam-Bornim and from Technical...
Laser Sorts Moving Droplets in Lab on a Chip
Jun 1, 2008 — A paper by three physicists from Université Bordeaux I in France describes a new and highly effective method of sorting and routing nanolitre droplets flowing through microchannels. The technique will be useful in chemical microreactors and...
Observing Laser-Shocked Tin Substrates
Jun 1, 2008 — When a shock wave generated by a laser beam or similar concentrated force bounces off a free surface, the material can undergo shock-induced fragmentation. Although commonly encountered in engineering and physics, the phenomenon remains poorly...
Powerful Femtosecond Laser Induces ‘Electrical Effects’ during Thunderstorms
Jun 1, 2008 — Although considerably less destructive than earthquakes, lightning is nonetheless one of the great unpredictable forces Mother Nature inflicts on mankind. Just as some scientists try to understand and predict earthquakes, others study the dynamics...
Understanding Smog by Measuring Light Absorption
Jun 1, 2008 — Haze lingering over cities may look fairly similar from place to place, but its composition can vary greatly. In some regions, industrial coal smoke predominates, whereas in others, automotive exhaust makes significant contributions. Researchers...

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