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Research & Technology News

Efficient Single-Photon Sources Move Closer
BRISTOL, England, March 29, 2011 — Fluorescent diamond “defect centers” are being used to create efficient single-photon sources that are expected to enable secure optical communications, also known as quantum cryptography. Defect centers in diamond materials, which function as atomic-scale light sources, are trapped in a transparent material that is large enough to be handled manually. Moreover, unlike quantum dots or trapped atoms, they don't need to be kept at cryogenic temperatures or to be trapped in large...
Light Joins Nanoparticles into New Materials
ARGONNE, Ill., March 29, 2011 — A low-power laser — similar to the common office laser pointer — can cause gold and carbon nanoparticles to assemble into long chains that follow the laser beam as it moves. Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory shined a...
Magnetized Nanorods Diffract Visible Light
RIVERSIDE, Calif., March 29, 2011 — By coating iron oxide nanorods with silica, scientists have found that when they apply a magnetic field, the nanorods align themselves to one another like a set of tiny flashlights, which could have potential for a wide variety of color displays. ...
NASA Tests New Microscope for ISS
CLEVELAND, March 29, 2011 — NASA recently began tests of a new multicapability microscope that is expected to help scientists study the effects of the space environment on physics and biology aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The microscope is isolated from...
Cell Imaging Improves Under Graphene
MANHATTAN, Kan., March 28, 2011 — A microscopic cloak made of graphene could change the way bacteria and other cells are imaged. Vikas Berry of Kansas State University and his research team are wrapping bacteria with graphene to address challenges with imaging bacteria under...
Photodynamic Therapy Treats HPV Nonsurgically
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., March 28, 2011 — A nonsurgical photodynamic therapy (PDT) procedure is being developed to destroy tissue infected by human papilloma virus (HPV) and treat precancerous lesions on the cervix without damaging healthy tissue. Unlike previous applications of PDT...
Synchrotron-Based Tissue Imaging
MILWAUKEE, March 28, 2011 — With intensity a million times brighter than sunlight, a new synchrotron-based imaging technique offers high-resolution pictures of the molecular composition of tissues with unprecedented speed and quality. Carol Hirschmugl, a physicist at the...
Tabletop Accelerator Successfully Simulated
BERKELEY, Calif., March 28, 2011 — Full 3-D simulations of a tabletop laser-plasma wakefield accelerator were achieved in just a few hours of supercomputing time. As conventional accelerators like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider grow ever more vast and expensive, the best hope for...
M-GRIN Aims to Simplify Specialized Optics
ARLINGTON, Va., March 24, 2011 — Advances in the design and fabrication of gradient index (GRIN) optics are leading to smaller, less complex optical assemblies and lower manufacturing costs for specialized optics. “In the past century, every component of an optical...
BU, UC Davis Launch Biophotonics Center
BOSTON, March 23, 2011 — A new research collaboration will be formed by Boston University and the University of California, Davis, under a grant from the National Science Foundation that fosters university-industry collaboration. The new Center for Biophotonic Sensors and...
Camera as Small as a Grain of Salt Built
BERLIN, March 23, 2011 — A microcamera for endoscopy applications developed by a German collaboration promises to be so inexpensive as to be disposable. Endoscopy has gone through amazing advancements in recent years. Microcameras on the tip of endoscopes supply...
Light Used to Move Molecules
BALTIMORE, March 23, 2011 — Light-triggered chemistry can help move individual molecules around inside living cells, sending them to exact locations at precise times. This new tool, according to its developers at Johns Hopkins University, will allow visualization of how...
Protein in Ancient Reptile Skin Imaged
MANCHESTER, England, March 23, 2011 — A nondestructive infrared imaging technique has exposed organic compounds (amides) surviving in 50-million-year-old fossilized reptile skin, revealing intricate chemical patterning that previous methods had overlooked. Produced by University of...
Silencing a Gene: It’s a Stretch
TUCSON, Ariz., March 23, 2011 — Cells may control genes by simply stretching them, a discovery that could pave the way for applications that require precise control over gene expression, such as with a lab-on-a-chip device.
3-D Knotted Optical Traps Created
NEW YORK, March 22, 2011 — A new technique creates extended and knotted 3-D optical traps that produce “bright” knots. The maximum of the light intensity traces out a knotted trajectory in space, allowing microscopic objects to be trapped along the path of the...
Broadband Light Slowed via Nanoplasmonics
BETHLEHEM, Pa., March 22, 2011 — Plasmonic structures can slow light waves over a broad range of wavelengths, verifying the “rainbow” trapping effect, which had been predicted only recently in the theoretical studies of metamaterials. An experiment conducted by...
Novel Lens Simplifies 3-D Microscopy
COLUMBUS, Ohio, March 22, 2011 — A new lens designed by engineers at Ohio State University enables microscopic objects to be seen from nine angles simultaneously to create a 3-D image. 3-D imaging typically is achieved using multiple lenses or cameras that move around an object....
Sensor Design Boosts Raman Signals
PRINCETON, N.J., March 22, 2011 — An extremely sensitive Raman sensor promises to provide new ways to detect a wide range of substances, from tell-tale signs of cancer to hidden explosives. The sensor, developed at Princeton University, relies on a completely new architecture and...
A Quantum Pen for Single Atoms
MUNICH, Germany, March 21, 2011 — The ability to observe and control single atoms individually in a lattice of light, to change their spin states and to arrange them in arbitrary patterns has been demonstrated – a discovery that scientists say will advance quantum information...
Circuit Sets Record Beating Microscopic Drum
BOULDER, Colo., March 21, 2011 — An electrochemical circuit in which microwaves communicate with a vibrating mechanical component 1000 times more vigorously than has previously been demonstrated could one day control the motion of large objects at the quantum scale. ...
Light Scattering Controlled in Graphene
BERKELEY, Calif., March 21, 2011 — Controlling the way light is scattered in graphene has been achieved, providing a new tool for the study of these single sheets of carbon that may lead to practical applications for controlling light and electronic states in nanometer-scale devices...
Mini Lasers Could Help Launch New Internet Age
ORLANDO, Fla., March 21, 2011 — A miniature laser diode has been created that emits intense light at a single wavelength, making it ideal for high-speed data transmission. Until now, the biggest challenge has been the failure rate of these tiny devices. They don't work very...
Laser Measures Protein Interactions
NASHVILLE, Tenn., March 18, 2011 — A laser technique that can measure interactions between proteins tangled in a cell’s membrane is expected to help in the discovery of new drugs. About 30 percent of the 7000 proteins in a human cell reside in its membrane, initiating 60...
Atoms Found to Act Like Lasers
CANBERRA, Australia, March 17, 2011 — An atom laser that behaves exactly like a light laser has been developed, opening up new possibilities in applications such as holograms. The research team, led by Dr. Andrew Truscott of the Australian National University Center of Excellence...
Ultrafast Laser Scribing Cuts Cost, Hikes Solar Cell Efficiency
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., March 17, 2011 — An advancement that will improve solar cell efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs involves using an ultrafast pulsed laser scribing technique to create more precise microchannels. Microchannels are critical to cost and efficiency because...

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