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Ultrasmall Ink Droplets Trap Light on Photonic Crystal
CAMBRIDGE, England, Oct. 24, 2017 — A microscopic 'pen' has been developed that uses a commercially available printing technique to write structures on crystals that are small enough to trap and harness light. The use of inkjet printing in nanophotonics has so far been limited by the coarse resolution of conventional printing methods. Researcher Vincenzo Pecunia at the University of Cambridge, whose work focuses on printable optoelectronic materials, obtained an electrohydrodynamic jet printer for his team. A chance meeting
Whispering Gallery Microcavities Control Momentum of Light
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Oct. 24, 2017 — A method to control the momentum of broadband light using whispering gallery microcavities* (WGMs) could allow greater application of integrated photonic circuits. Optical devices typically require the coupling of light between different components....
Label-Free Imaging Maps Brain Changes in Alzheimer's Mouse Model
WUHAN, China, Oct. 20, 2017 — An imaging system called cryo-micro-optical sectioning tomography (cryo-MOST) could help speed new drug development for Alzheimer’s disease by offering a better way to monitor the brain changes indicative of Alzheimer's in mouse models....
Broad Palette of Fluorescent Dyes May Advance Biological Imaging
ASHBURN, Va., Oct. 19, 2017 — To better illuminate the inner workings of cells, researchers have developed a way to adjust the properties of fluorescent dyes deliberately, resulting in an expanded palette of dyes that are bolder, brighter and more cell-permeable. Their novel...
Optical Systems Capture First Light From Colliding Neutron Stars
LIVINGSTON, La., HANFORD, Wash. and CASCINA, Italy, Oct. 17, 2017 — Scientists from the international LIGO and Virgo Scientific Collaborations have announced the detection of the bright spark of two neutron stars colliding. This event has been dubbed GW170817 because it sent ripples through space-time that reached...
Photodetector Uses Ultrathin Materials to Increase Efficiency
RIVERSIDE, Calif., Oct. 17, 2017 — A prototype developed using quantum mechanical processes could usher in a novel class of ultra-efficient photodetectors that would enable solar cells to turn the light they receive into multiple electrons. The prototype is based on the efficient...
The Optical Society Announces 2018 Fellows Class
WASHINGTON, Oct. 16, 2017 — One hundred and one (101) OSA members, representing 19 countries, have been elected to the 2018 OSA Fellows Class. Fellows are selected based on specific scientific, engineering, and technological contributions, technical or industry leadership in...
Single Photon Reveals Quantum Entanglement of 16 Million Atoms
GENEVA, Oct. 16, 2017 — Scientists have demonstrated entanglement between 16 million atoms in a crystal crossed by a single photon, reinforcing the quantum theory that entanglement can persist in macroscopic physical systems. The theoretical study of large-scale...
Camera Design Mimics Sophisticated Visual System
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Oct. 16, 2017 — The bio-inspired design of an ultra-sensitive camera that is capable of sensing both color and polarization is based on the visual system of the mantis shrimp. The camera features a single-chip, low-power, high-resolution color-polarization imaging...
Scientists Fine-Tune Process for Making Thin Films from DNA
SEOUL, South Korea, Oct. 13, 2017 — In order to further investigate the optical properties of a DNA-based lipid complex that is widely used in current DNA thin film research, researchers developed a refinement process to minimize the relative bound water content and control binding of...
Plasmonic Platform Enhances Photocatalysis
HOUSTON and CAMBRIDGE, England, Oct. 11, 2017 — Researchers have developed a way to build multifunctional nanoscale structures using aluminum nanocrystals. The structures have an aluminum core and are dotted with even smaller metallic islands. The nanocrystals are used as a base for creating...
Holography Helps Uniquely Identify Free-Flowing Particles in the Air
MANHATTAN, Kan., Oct. 6, 2017 — Researchers used overlapping lasers to create holographic images of free flowing air particles. A green laser was used to measure light deflection; a red laser to provide a 3D image that could subjectively account for a variety of particle shapes....
Nanosensors Used to Track Progression of Obesity-Related Diseases
KINGSTON, R.I., October 6, 2017 — According to a New England Journal of Medicine study, more than one third of the world's population is overweight or obese. And, these weight issues can often lead to other health concerns. Researchers from the University of Rhode Island, the...
Catheter Combines Ultrasound and Multispectral Fluorescence to Measure Arterial Plaque
DAVIS, Calif., Oct. 6, 2017 — A novel cardiac catheter probe combines intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) in a single device that can image the arteries of a living heart. The catheter can simultaneously retrieve structural and biochemical...
Uncharted Waters
ROCHESTER, N.Y., Oct. 4, 2017 — As the saying goes, "difficult is done at once; the impossible takes a little longer." It took Xi-Cheng Zhang, an optics professor at the University of Rochester, nearly a decade to generate a terahertz wave from water — an achievement that...
Caltech Researchers Develop On-Chip Nanoscale Optical Quantum Memory
PASADENA, Calif., Oct. 4, 2017 — A computer chip with nanoscale optical quantum memory has been developed that is analogous to a traditional memory chip in a computer. An international team led by engineers at Caltech took advantage of the peculiar features of quantum mechanics,...
On-Chip Photonic Synapse Mimics Workings of Neural Synapse
EXETER, England, Oct. 4, 2017 — Photonic computer chips that imitates the way the brain’s synapses work to store and process information — only at speeds a thousand times faster than those of the human brain — could pave the way for computers that work in a way...
Laser-Based Method Could Detect Chemicals Remotely
ANN ARBOR, Mich., Oct. 3, 2017 — Two techniques have been combined to develop a laser-based method that could be used to detect chemicals such as explosives and gases quickly and accurately. One technique, multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) uses ultrashort laser pulses...
Infrared Satellite Data Predicts End of Volcanic Eruptions
Oct 3, 2017 — The eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington in 1980 took many by surprise, considering the volcano hadn’t been active in more than a century. The same held true in Chile after the Chaitén volcano erupted in 2008 following thousands...
Better Beer, Bread Thanks to Supercontinuum Lasers
Oct 2, 2017 — Most beer is made from four primary ingredients: grains, hops, yeast and water. The basic ingredients for bread are flour, yeast, water and salt. Throw a supercontinuum laser combined with near-IR into the mix and researchers say they can produce...
Advances in Aerial Thermography Could Transform Archeological Methods
HANOVER, N.H., Oct. 2, 2017 — Today's radiometric thermal cameras, coupled with small, inexpensive drones controlled by a smartphone or tablet, have made aerial thermography more accurate, comprehensive and accessible than previous technologies. Multiple aerial images can now be...
All-Optical Polarization Control Could Allow Faster Data Transfer
LONDON, Sept. 29, 2017 — A breakthrough in rapid polarization switching with an all-optical polarization control could allow faster data transfer and open new areas of nanoresearch, enabling researchers to learn more about unseen nanoscale worlds such as drug chemistry and...
Light, Oxygen and Moisture Combine to Mend Defects in Industrial Perovskite Films
CAMBRIDGE, England, Sept. 28, 2017 — Exposure to light combined with exposure to humidity and oxygen has been shown to permanently correct defects in the molecular structure of perovskites, resulting in minimal non-radiative losses and properties approaching those of perovskite single...
Photorealistic 3D Renderings Accurately Digitize Transparent Objects
KONGENS LYNGBY, Denmark, Sept. 28, 2017 — The ability to create detailed, 3D digital versions of clear objects and their surroundings has been difficult for researchers because of the different modalities required to digitize objects with diffuse reflectance properties. Scientists from the...
Scaled-Up Mirror-Coating Technology Could Improve Telescope Efficiency
SANTA CRUZ, Calif., Sept. 28, 2017 — Scientists are adapting atomic layer deposition (ALD), a technique widely used in the microelectronics industry, to develop protected silver coatings suitable for telescope mirrors. These coatings could help telescopes maintain high reflectivity at...

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