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Automation Boosts Low-Cost Fiber Pigtailing

The explosive increase of fiber optics in communications, materials processing and medicine is driving both performance and manufacturing technology improvements in fiber optic interconnects. However, the task of accurately aligning and affixing...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

CMOS Imaging Approaches Stage Three in its Evolution

Proving that imaging based on complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) could compete with CCDs was a multifaceted effort. The first step was developing a working product. The second phase was to prove that CMOS imaging could compete...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

IR Imaging Arrays Turn to Quantum Wells

A new semiconductor-based infrared detector technology for mid- and long-wavelength instruments is ready for the marketplace. The quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) is based on absorption by confined carriers in multiple quantum wells. QWIPs...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Laser Fusion: An Old Dream Nears Realization

When completed in 2002, the National Ignition Facility will culminate more than a decade of research on laser ignition: the controlled implosion of a small, hydrogen-isotope-filled target by laser beams of sufficient energy and quality to create...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Long-Period Gratings: Next Generation of Fiber Sensors

Fiber optic sensors, thanks to their size, flexibility and survivability advantages, continue to gain popularity as effective alternatives to conventional transducers. Two types have emerged as leaders in meeting the changing needs of industrial...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Micro-Opto Electromechanics Could Revolutionize Photonic Systems

Advances in micro-optics have led to the development of large-volume and batch-processed diffractive and refractive micro-optical components, creating a technology that promises to revolutionize many photonic systems. Similar to micro-optic...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Microlasers Can Anticipate Expanding Market

The air-cooled argon-ion laser remains the most widely used source OEM applications requiring blue or green light. However, its shortcomings in efficiency, size, operating life and cost have inhibited the growth and development of applications....

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Microscopy: Old Technology Gets New Life

Over the last 150 years of microscope development, an impressive array of innovations has come to light. Today’s seemingly commonplace imaging techniques include phase contrast, which won a Nobel prize for the Zeiss developer Frits Zernicke when...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Modular CCDs: Building Blocks for Large-Area Sensors

Using the concept of a jigsaw puzzle, the latest generation of high-resolution imagers is built up from several pieces of 1-megapixel blocks. Philips joins the pieces together using dedicated stitching patterns available on the masks during the...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Optical Software Undergoing Dramatic Change

Lens design software once was characterized by large, expensive and user-unfriendly programs running on large, expensive and painfully slow mainframe computers. Lens design was almost exclusively the domain of dedicated professionals in classical...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

PC-Based Laser Analyzers: New Uses Require Improved Devices

Over the past few years the beam-profile quality of lasers has risen dramatically. Nevertheless, competitive pressures and demanding applications require even higher beam quality and are pushing the capabilities of many lasers. The only way to...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Raman Spectroscopy: Ready to Meet New Challenges

Once the realm of a few theorists, Raman spectroscopy has surged in popularity during the last decade. Improvements in optics, lasers, detectors and data analysis techniques have turned this laboratory technique into an industrial tool used even in...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Replica Molding: Complex Optics at Lower Costs

Researchers at Harvard’s Chemistry Department are exploring new ways of fabricating complex, optically functional surfaces, components and devices using elastomers as starting materials. Organic polymers in elastomeric molds show promise because...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Smart Lightpipe Designs Provide Cost-Effective Optics

For a technology that doesn't get much respect, lightpipes are undergoing remarkably rapid applications growth. Lightpipes carry light from sources -- incandescent or fluorescent lamps or light-emitting diodes -- to illumination tasks. Applications...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

The Proactive View From Germany

As part of a joint presentation on Germany’s drive to keep pace in global, high-tech competition in research development and production, the Institute for Economic Research in Hamburg, Germany, suggests that the country must embrace an economic...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

We Need to Curb Conflicts in Global High-Tech

There is remarkably little multinational cooperation for the development of new, commercially relevant technologies. There are regional efforts -- notably among the members of the European Union - but, even in Europe, national programs dominate...

Photonics Spectra, January 1997

Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers Find Their Place in the Lab

The $100 million-plus annual scientific laser market continues to be a prime area of opportunity and focus despite limited research and development expenditures in recent years. Historically dominated by gas, lamp-pumped solid-state and dye lasers,...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Laser Advances Spark Ultrafast Studies

Advances in solid-state short-pulse laser oscillators, amplifiers and ultrafast optics have sparked an explosion in the number of studies of ultrafast phenomena. These experiments include direct control of chemical reactions, direct observations of...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Laser Chemistry Moves Toward Smaller and Faster Probes

Molecular-level studies examine the effect of individual molecules on the properties of chemistry and materials. Recent progress in such studies has relied on some new laser techniques: Ultrafast lasers have recently reduced the time scale to break...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Lasers Control Molecular Motion

In quantum mechanics, interest has turned toward controlling, rather than explaining, atomic, molecular and electronic processes. The technology of coherent control employs light-induced interference to affect the dynamics of matter and assist in...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Lasers Offer Coherent Control of Material Behavior

The goals of laser control in chemistry include manipulation of collective and molecular properties. Femtosecond lasers have already helped study crystal lattices, and more extensive manipulations are expected because of advances in laser pulse...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Objective Measurements Improve Imaging Optics

Determining optical quality is no easy task because of the trade-offs in specifying imaging optics. For a quantitative assessment of optics, engineers turn to modulation transfer function measurements, which measure the frequency response of an...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Optical Fiber Reaches from Lab to Factory

The use of fiber optics in the laboratory has been steadily increasing for five years. Optical fiber devices can be used for temperature sensing, pressure sensing, pH measurements and material-specific sensing. However, the bulk of laboratory demand...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

Photomultiplier Tubes See the Light -- One Photon at a Time

Dating archaeological finds, locating schools of fish, measuring food contamination, mapping the stars and monitoring pollution levels are all applications that requirer Raman spectroscopy. This article discusses appropriate optical fibers for each...

Photonics Spectra, December 1996

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